Raft foundation reinforcement details pdf
Raft foundation reinforcement details pdf. 12%. Rigid Frame Mat or Cellular Raft Foundation. The detail shown below is one acceptable method of achieving this. 1-Definition 3. Understanding Foundation Details. The design process for a piled raft can be considered as a three-stage process. Continuation of waterproofing, reinforcement tieing, etc. com As of: 29/06/2016 FDR+ Reinforced Raft Foundation Foundation dimensions 13 stepped foundations 14 Filled ground hazards 15 water and debris in trenches 16 any reinforcement used must have at least 75mm nominal cover. friction ( are taken as 50 kN/m 2 and on the improvement in the foundation performance due to the raft being in contact with, KEYand embedded within, the s WORDS: raft foundation,oil. Clause 33. A foundation detail encompasses various aspects, including the type of foundation (e. INTRODUCTION: This Raft Foundation has been designed for (G+10) High Rise Building in Alluvial region. 1 Plan of the Foundation The size of the available land for the proposed construction is considered as 30m X 60m. Chari and others published RAFT FOUNDATION WITH GROUND IMPROVEMENT | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate PASS - Asv_upon_svreqedge <= Asv_upon_svprovedge - Shear reinforcement provided in edge beams is adequate Corner design checks Flat Plate type Raft Foundation Flat Plate Type of Raft Foundation Apart from all the types of Raft or mat Foundation, this is the simplest of all. Raft foundations are suitable for medium rise story buildings ranges from four to twelve stories. Raft Building Foundations are constructed with typical slab depths between 4”-12” (10-30 cm). Raft foundation plan and section detail dwg file, Raft foundation plan and section detail with naming detail, dimension detail, reinforcement detail, bolt nut detail, etc. Two-Way Shear at the Column The total factored axial load on the column: PL s Jan 3, 2001 · Some of the characteristics of piled raft behaviour are described. If the settlements are < 75 mm, then a raft foundation will suffice. Soil of 50 KN/m2 and angle of This type of foundation is used when the soil is highly compressible and the water table is high. S. Two-way beam and slab Raft. Category Drawings. ANALYSIS OF THE RAFT FOUNDATION 5. l insulation to ber specification dpc bonded to radon membrane with double sided radon resistant tape 750 225 225 450 selected floor finish where indicated on 75mm min. frilo. ] + 1 = 13. In general at joint areas either at the superstructure or the foundation, it is advisable to place stirrups in the columns and the beams. However, in practice, the contribution of a raft in taking load is usually ignored and the load is assumed to be supported on piles. 1l-Corrosion resistant coatings for reinforcement PART B-RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE DETAILER Chapter 3-Placing drawings, pg. 1 Raft Footing The raft will be used for economical consideration. Pile Cap Design Spreadsheet to BS 8110:1997. The grade of concrete raft is C50 which was self-consolidating concrete. A layer of blinding concrete (typically 50 mm) may then be laid with a waterproof membrane above to create an even, dry surface to allow formation of the raft . Piled raft foundations: design and applications. Mar 31, 2021 · Types of raft foundation and example usage. The design of the raft foundation will be done for a size of 25m X 30m. Hence, for a raft foundation, the depth of the zone of influence is likely to be much larger than that of a spread footing. They are easy to make and can be customized to match your own style. There are five main types of raft foundation (click on each one to go directly to the image and details): Solid slab rafts, Slab beam rafts, Cellular rafts, Piled raft foundations; and, Balancing (or floating) rafts. One-way shear checks are shown for illustration as two-way shear normally governs the design. Column widths are Foundation details typically include technical drawings, diagrams, and written instructions that guide contractors and builders during the construction process. Box Culvert Reinforcement Details Free Drawing. This Book Covers Complete Design Of Raft Foundations Including Piled Rafts, Starting From Their Need, Type, All The Approaches Suggested So Detail G03 G04- Simple pad foundation with and without reinforcement 10 Detail G05 - Mass !ll pad foundation with steel piers 11 Detail G06 - Example of pad foundations 11 Detail G07 - Simple raft foundation 12 Detail G08 - Raft foundation with downstand 13 Detail G09 - Raft foundation with downstand beam and toe 14 Detail G10 - Example of a Sep 10, 2013 · Section Name: Soil and Foundation Engineering (CED 43) Designator of Legally Binding Document: IS 2950-1 Title of Legally Binding Document: Code of practice for design and construction of raft foundations, Part 1: Design Number of Amendments: 1 Equivalence: Superceding: Superceded by: LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT Step Out From the Old to the New Feb 16, 2021 · Typical Costing and Processes for Raft Foundation Construction. 🕑 Reading time: 1 minuteDesign of Raft Foundations - Methods and Calculations According to IS – 2950:1965, the design criteria of raft footings are given below: The maximum differential settlement in foundation on clayey soils and sandy soils should not exceed 40mm and 25mm respectively. 3 m, and values of k can be calculated. So, the total no. f. Plain slab raft foundations are flat concrete slabs with or without pedestals. Determine the radius of effective stiffness—that is, fApproximate Flexible Method Step 4. Plied raft. 08L from the center support. The soil is defined as having an allowable bearing pressure of 75 kN/m^2 and consisting of two or more soil types that are firm to loose. The BBS and quantity of steel reinforcement required for a simply isolated footing are calculated and explained by means of a workout example. Raft or mat foundation is used when the soil layer is unstable. 15 m = 3. The values of cohesion of soil (c) and angle of internal. '(6,*1,1* $ &(//8/$5 5$)7 )281'$7,21 86,1* 7+( 5,*,' 0(7+2' . Step 3: If the settlements are > 75 mm, then piles are provided to act as Raft foundations are generally constructed on a compacted hardcore base (perhaps 100 mm thick). Dec 19, 2018 · Types of Raft Foundation And Their Uses. The distribution bars are provided at the top & bottom sides of the raft. A raft foundation is a continuous slab of concrete that spreads the load of a building over a large area to lower pressure on the ground. In situations where a raft foundation alone does not satisfy the design requirements, it may be possible to enhance the performance of the raft by the addition of piles. 6XPPDU\ 7KLV DUWLFOH SUHVHQWV WKH GHVLJQ RI FHOOXODU UDIW IRXQGDWLRQ D VSUHDG IRXQGDWLRQ DUUDQJHPHQW ZLWK WZR ZD\ LQWHUORFNLQJ JURXQG EHDPV ZLWK D JURXQG EHDULQJ VODE LQ FRQWDFW ZLWK WKH VRLO DQG D VXVSHQGHG Corner beam bending and shear check. Aug 1, 2017 · The foundation of Hongyun building B tower is made of raft board foundation which is 3300mm in the thickness include four kinds of reinforcement Φ32, Φ28, Φ12 and 12 steel grade two, in respective. Aug 1, 2020 · PDF | On Aug 1, 2020, Nikhil L. As seen in figure-1 below, for a simply supported beam and slab, 100% reinforcement as per the design is provided as tension reinforcement at the mid span of the beam and slab, and 50% is curtailed at the distance of 0. The overall depth of pile cap shall also be selected such that the effective depth of bottom reinforcement is at least 12 inches. 3- In the case of private structures such as (towers, chimneys, and water tanks). 2 WHILE MAT FOUNDATIONS are more expensive to design than individual spread footings, they usually result in considerable cost reduction, provided the total area of spread footings is a large percentage of the basement area. Carry out sufficient calculation using the data in table 1. The unnecessary area where there is no significant stress, there also the reinforcement is used. 690 N/mm2; Design conc shear strength; vccorner = 0. of distribution bars in the raft CE6502 FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Page 12 0 =0 Reinforcement in width direction From SP-16 graphs =0. Construction details. A Cellular type raft foundation. The main role of foundations is to structurally support the building by transferring the loads of the building through the walls into the surrounding soil. Garage and Garbage Reinforcement Structure Details Autocad Drawing. May 24, 2022 · The principle of buoyancy is used in buoyancy rafts and basements (or box foundations) to lower the net weight on the soil. The total moment in each direction is equal to w(lx)*(ly)*(ln)/8, where lx and ly are the lengths in x & y-direction and ln is the direction in which the moment is being calculated. Raft Foundation. It is costlier than individual foundation. 59 MB; Source: Collect; AutoCAD platform 2018 and later versions. Library. Bearing resistance = 45kN/m 2. Option 01 is difficult to construct when compared with option 02. A raft foundation, also called a mat foundation, is essentially a continuous slab resting on the soil that extends over the entire footprint of the building, thereby supporting the building and transferring its weight to the ground. Mat foundation is also used for low bearing capacity soil in order to spread the load of a building and hence construct a stable foundation. Once the load distributed by the column is almost equal Flat Plate type Raft Foundation is preferred. pdf), Text File (. Bouyancy rafts are also called compensated foundations. (152. 2001 •. Harry Poulos. 5m is considered for soil having Cohesion of. ) Step 2. This raft is in turn supported by bored reinforced concrete piles. To economize the design, relative load sharing of raft and piles in CPRF has to be found The Firth RibRaft® Floor System can be constructed for all slab-on-ground concrete floors for domestic or residential buildings that fall within the scope of NZS 3604:2011 “Timber Framed Buildings” and Clause 3 “Scope” of Section 1 of this Manual. In this paper, an attempt has been made to design a raft foundation based on its geotechnical analysis. Depth of foundation below ground level can be obtained by using Rankine’s formula: Where:h: minimum depth of foundationp: gross bearing Raft foundations - Free download as Word Doc (. Mat foundations are constructed on various occasions such as building construction, bridge construction, tower construction, etc. Apart from all the types of Raft or mat Foundations, this is the simplest of all. Géotechnique. Mat foundations may decrease the required excavation area, compared with spread footings. In terms of a timber frame structure, the foundations must also protect the timber from moisture ingress by lifting the members above the ground. raft foundation are used. A Structural Designer Engaged In The Design Of Raft Foundations Finds It Hard To Select The Method That Can Be Carried Out Within The Time And Cost Available For Design And Give Adequate Safety And Economy. 39 KB) Followings are the different types of raft foundation used in construction: Flate plate mat. This is to avoid details where a failure of the stepped tray would lead to a direct leakage of water into the building. This innovative method of concrete floor construction sits 'on' the ground not 'in' the ground making it seismically strong. By rounding off = 15nos. Raft Foundation Detail Dwg File - Cadbull# Source: cadbull. 3. Area of top steel reqd in beam; Ascorner = 1255 mm2. What is Known Plate Mechanics. File format: . , pile spacing, length, number, diameter, raft thickness, soil properties) on piled raft Jul 6, 2022 · RAFT FOUNDATION STEEL DETAILS RAFT FOUNDATION DETAILS RAFT FROUNDATION CONSTRUCTION RAFT FOUNDATION STEEL REINFORCEMENT RAFT FOUNDATION DEPTH Raft foundations can be categorized into two main types: 1. The raft foundation is a kind of combined footing The piled raft foundation has gained a very high level of acceptance as a foundation system whenever settlement alone governs the design However the professional designers need to be provided with a clear procedure as to when the simpler analytical procedures has to be adopted and at what stage detailed three dimensional analyses need to be taken up This paper tries to provide an answer after Nov 23, 2021 · The foundations of bridges and buildings, in general, can be classified into two major groups, as shown below. concrete screed on floor insulation specified on insitu reinforced concrete raft foundation with a252 mesh (grade 35n conc. Types of Ra This document provides details for analyzing and designing a raft foundation according to BS8110: Part 1-1997. It can be considered on higher buildings depending Disadvantages of raft foundation. The maximum settlement should generally be limited to the following […] Corner beam bending and shear check. Raju Consultants 7 Step 2: The settlements of raft are calculated assuming first that there are no piles. docx), PDF File (. of the raft foundations are larger than the isolated spread footings. Jan 23, 2018 · THIS IS TUTORIAL NO. The mathematical modeling of continuous mat foundations has been correlated with laboratory testing, providing confidence that typical finite element modeling techniques can offer a reasonable representation of the May 12, 2019 · Raft foundation is one of the types of foundation that is composed of a thick mat or slab that supports the entire structures. 8-Connection details 2. 7 OF RAFT/MAT FOUNDATION DESIGN COURSE IN CSI SAFE. Nov 13, 2022 · raft foundation detail reinforcement fill architectural function pockets guidance excavation layer weak. The thickness of the raft foundation and concrete placement are poured a large amount of concrete belongs to large volume concrete construction technology requirements. Plate raft with pedestals. As per clause 34. Download CAD block in DWG. Raft foundations are often used on soft or loose soils with low bearing capacity, as they can spread the loads over a 25. 7-Development and splices of reinforcement 2. Jun 3, 2020 · Both the option is applicable, especially for raft foundations. For square footings, the reinforcement is to be distributed uniformly across the entire width Feb 20, 2023 · A beam strip raft with up-stand beams has been selected considering the geotechnical and structural factors. Rafts can be classified as follows ## (shown in below figure): 1. The concrete raft tends to include steel reinforcement to prevent cracking, and may May 11, 2024 · This study utilized a 3D finite element analysis, modeling all components (piles, raft, soil) using solid elements. raft Aug 20, 2023 · A slab-beam type raft foundation. Determine the flexural ridigity R of the mat as given by the formula Step 3. The Raft Foundation Reinforcement Construction Tec - Free download as PDF File (. If we are dealing with the shallow foundations, the last option of the shallow Mar 26, 2022 · In a combined piled raft foundation (CPRF) both raft and piles take their share of the total load applied. com 8. A raft foundation is a reinforced concrete slab under the whole of a building or extension, 'floating' on the ground as a raft floats on water. This way of CPRF becomes excessively conservative and uneconomical. Part 5: Foundations Spread Footings Flexural Reinforcement. The services of a surveyor may be required, and materials like pegs, 2 inches nails, 3 inches nails, 2″ x 3″ hardwood, lines, etc will be required. The system uses polystyrene pods, steel reinforcing rods, plastic spacers and RaftMix concrete. It includes definitions for the soil, raft slab, and edge beam. Plate thickened under the column. In the field, load tests can be carried out by means of square plates measuring 0. Aug 17, 2020 · The raft foundation is designed as a flat slab and reinforcement is to be provided in both the directions. Raft foundation spread the load imposed by several columns or walls over the foundation area and can be seen to Mar 29, 2019 · Manhole and Details Autocad Drawing. It's used when soil bearing capacity is low, and individual footings would be too close, making a combined foundation impractical. have to be done with extra effect if we use the option 01. Allow a lump sum of ₦150,000 (Note that this may vary depending on how challenging the setting out process is. Foundations. View PDF. There is a probability of uplift of structure when the groundwater table rises making nearby soil with more pore water pressure. Different types of mat foundation are briefly discussed below. It systematically explored the influence of key parameters (e. Spacers should be placed at a maximum of 1m centres, and when supporting mesh should be 1. A raft foundation is used to distribute the building pressure over a large area so the soil can bear the stress. 2 kN/m^2 respectively, within the allowable bearing capacity. 7m and was constructed in four separate pours. The purpose of a raft foundation is to support a structure on a site with low soil bearing conditions. The raft will be used for economical consideration. Flat Plate Raft Foundation. Columns shall be erected at locations by mobile crane if there are more number of columns to be erected in an area and when working platform is not available. 66. 12*1000*1015)/100=1218 mm2 Provide 20 mm diameter bars @250 c/c along shorter direction in bottom. Reinforcement Details of Simply Supported Beam and Slab. Foundation details with corresponding calculations. Plain slab rafts. Depth of footing. 315-12 3. 2. 2). , strip, pile, pad, raft), the dimensions and layout of the foundation elements, reinforcement Jan 26, 2022 · No. Self weight of the slab = 25 kN/m 2 x 0. 606 N/mm2. The raft foundation is a kind of combined footing that may cover the entire area under the structure supporting several columns in one rigid body. The allowable bearing capacity values of raft foundation with B, ranging from 8-15m and placed at varying foundation depth, Df, are shown in table 1. 1. 2 and 13. 25 meters is required. × cover)}÷ c/c distance] + 1 = [{2150mm. The projection could be constructed in the second stage. Post Views:10,485. mat foundation design can be highly variable, designs that consider this variability are encouraged. Calculation of Steel Reinforcement For Isolated […] It is always beneficial to have a raft foundation on alluvial soil for high-rise buildings. This is the simplest form of raft foundation. The raft slab is defined as having a maximum dimension of 10 meters, a thickness of After completion of main mesh for raft, column starter bars shall be provided as per setting out details. raft having raft size of 18m x 8m x0. Pass - Ascorner <= Asedgetop - Area of reinforcement provided in top of edge beams at corners is adequate; Applied shear stress; vcorner = 0. 2-Scope í . Best way to show off your wallpaper: Cool Wallpapers are a great way to show off your wallpaper. Nov 13, 2022 · raft foundation reinforcement steel concrete footing plan section construction mat buildinghow details books formwork plans structural civil mixed architecture columns. Tags Autocad CAD drawing dwg foundation free drawing Free dwg Raft foundation. DWG; Size: 1. Option 02 is much easier than option 01. This type of raft foundation is also known as a “Box Structure”. The maximum and minimum bearing pressures under the raft are calculated to be 185 kN/m^2 and -1. As table 3 chapter 4 shows, the depth of significant stress increase in the soil below a foundation depends on the foundation width. Strip foundation in which the web extends beyond the column face. 3 of ACI 318-14, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. By so doing, the foundation’s total and differential settlements are therefore lowered. But, however, it is a matter of great concern what foundation will be proposed on such types of natural soils or man-made refills. Apr 18, 2021 · The main reasons why the designer choose matt/raft foundation instead of single footings: 1- Very weak bearing capacity of soil which leads to high subsidence in the soil. 7 of ACI 318-14 the thickness of footing at its edge shall not be less than 15cmm on soils, or less than 30cm for footings on piles. Illustration of the proposed land concerned with the A comprehensive study by Terzaghi (1955) of the parameters affecting the coefficient of subgrade reaction indicated that the value of the coefficient decreases with the width of the foundation. doc / . =(0. 3 m 3 0. Requirements for the distribution of flexural reinforcement in two-way footings are given in Sections 13. Fig 2. The first is a preliminary stage in which the effects of the number of piles on load capacity and settlement are assessed via an approximate analysis. Beam and Slab rafts are those with down-standing beams or upstanding beams. 75 kN/m 2. The column with 800/250 section, in the common wall of the building, is partially supported by the strip foundation that has a web of 350/800. Using an elastoplastic continuum approach for the soil, the analysis captured both elastic and plastic behavior realistically. The second is a more detailed examination to assess where piles are required and to obtain some indication of the . Table courtesy of LABC Warranty Technical Manual (version 10) Reinforcement should be supported by proprietary chairs or spacers and can be made of concrete, plastic or steel. In this foundation, reinforcement is provided in both directions and additional rebar is provided in the locations of columns and load-bearing walls. 0 to establish the sizes of the element and quantity of reinforcements required in the structural element. I also suggest downloading Cad Details Free Drawing Download. Take f = 500 MPa; sy f’ = 32 MPa; c cover to the 28 mm bars c = 40 mm; and the clear spacing between the bottom bars a = 60 mm. Generally, allowable bearing capacity, qa, showed a decreasing trend with an increase in raft foundation breadth whereas for a given foundation breadth, qa increased with foundation depth (Fig. For raft foundations without ground beams, punching shear is also very critical. 37. Beam and Slab Type. Cellular Raft Footing. Assume a thickness h for the mat, according to Step 6 of the conventional rigid method. 9-Reinforcement supports 2. txt) or read online for free. g. ] + 1 = [2050mm. The raft has a thickness of 3. Cellular Raft Foundation. The design of the raft slab is done just like the design of a normal suspended floor, but there is usually no need to check for deflection. The plan is illustrated in the following figures. 102%, but minimum is 0. For columns, the steel cages shall be pre-fabricated. This type of foundation spreads the load of the building over a larger area than other foundations, lowering the pressure on the ground. × 50mm. 66 +1 = 14. It is used to reduce differential settlement of buildings. The design and installation details in this Manual shall be used to design and construct such a floor. 2- When high loads are applied (such like multi story buildings) with poor soil bearing as well. Similarly when the columns are well equally placed this type of raft foundation is used. It determines that a raft with an outer diameter of 8. Jun 1, 2011 · PDF | Piled raft foundations are increasingly being recognised as an economical and effective foundation system for tall buildings. Slab Raft Foundation: A slab raft foundation consists of a thick, flat, reinforced concrete slab that extends over the entire building area. The Firth RibRaft® system has now become one of NZ's most popular solutions for residential and light commercial flooring. The concrete volume used in the raft is 12,500 meter cube. The thickness and depth of a concrete spacer should not exceed 50mm x 50mm. 2PRWRULRJXQ 9LFWRU )HPL = á x v x w ä VWUXFWXUHVFHQWUH#JPDLO FRP . Reinforcement requirements are also calculated, with 25 Sep 21, 2020 · Mat foundations also are known as raft foundations, is a thick concrete slab placed on the ground as the foundation of the structure. This type of foundation is used when there are larger column loads to support and when soil bearing capacity is too low. the slab. Beam and slab rafts. )}÷ 150mm. - (2nos. This reduces the stress on Dec 3, 2001 · the input parameters which can be used in the design of raft are (N, L 1, B1, f’ c, fy, Uc and U). They are a type of shallow foundations. 5. In this video we will be learning about Raft foundations, also known as Mat foundations via 3D animation. 2. of distribution bars in the raft = [{raft width- (2nos. Piles help in reducing the settlement of the structure and also help in controlling buoyancy. V. FRILO Software GmbH – Applications for structural calculation and design Product details www. 1. Buoyancy is produced by constructing a hollow substructure with a depth such May 5, 2014 · To design & study the effect of pile configuration on load settlement of piled-. The Raft Foundation have been used for economical Oct 7, 2023 · Design of the raft slab. Shallow foundations; Deep foundations; If you’re considering employing a raft foundation, keep the following points in mind: A cage of steel reinforcement forms an ‘edge beam’ in most raft designs, which must be carefully built This document provides calculations for the design of a circular raft foundation to support a chimney. 39 KB. The number of piles used were 194. 12. 2 of ACI 318-08, as specified in ACI […] Nov 9, 2020 · Raft foundations, which are sometimes referred to as mat foundations, are formed by reinforced concrete slabs of uniform thickness, usually 150 to 300 mm) that often cover a wide area, often the entire footprint of a structure. high rise buildings, alluvial region . The first type – solid slab rafts – can be further divided as flat raft mats WORKED EXAMPLE: Consider the minimum development length required for the two terminated 28 mm diameter bottom bars in the beam shown below. The first is a preliminary stage in which the Apr 20, 2024 · Raft foundation reinforcement details pdf Structural Design of Mat (Raft) Foundation conventionally reinforced mat (raft) foundation is consists of a contiguous conventionally reinforced concrete slab MCEGS 204 SPECIAL FOUNDATIONS AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF 10/12/2018 · Minimum reinforcement in a mat footing, is to be provided as per Section 7. (Note: h is the total thickness of the mat. 1 For Raft size 20 m x 20 m, SBC will be in the range of 75 to 125 t/m2 Prof. shear reinforcement in pile caps. Reinforcement in length direction Provide 20 mm diameter bars @250 c/c in longer direction. In this case, strip foundation would cover more than 70% of the ground area 🕑 Reading time: 1 minuteBar bending schedule (BBS) of an concrete footing provides the reinforcement details and the total steel quantity required for the footing construction. This type is commonly used in residential and small commercial buildings. 6k Views. The use of a limited number of piles, strategically located, may improve both Piled Raft Foundation. 10-Special details for seismic design of frames, joints, walls, diaphragms and two-way slabs 2. It is used for lightly loaded structures built on soils with poor bearing capacity or 2. reinforcement f. Download dwg PREMIUM - 152. Piled Raft Foundation. Answer Raft foundations can be accepted without a toe provided it can be shown that there is adequate weather-proofing at the junction of the wall and the raft. Nov 21, 2018 · Blog Post. throughout) on blinding layer with May 25, 2015 · The design process for a piled raft can be considered as a three-stage process. THIS ALSO COVERS HOW TO CHECK ULTIMATE MOMENT RESISTANCE, DESIGN REINFORCEMENT & PLAC Step 1. 3 of IS456: 2000 and section 15. Aug 17, 2023 · A raft column footing, also known as a mat foundation, is a continuous slab that supports multiple columns, spreading the loads over a large area. ÷ 150mm. This is an alternative if you can't use a traditional The piled raft foundation has gained a very high level of acceptance as a foundation system whenever settlement alone governs the design However the professional designers need to be provided with a clear procedure as to when the simpler analytical procedures has to be adopted and at what stage detailed three dimensional analyses need to be Jan 27, 2021 · Chair reinforcement or simply chair bars are small structural elements used to properly place reinforcement bars in position and maintain the proper space between the top and bottom reinforcements. ba jr ne gx ly zk fj ej hn hq