Canine sedation protocols Also included are guidelines to aid licensed veterinarians and clinics in determining proper ordering, storage, and handling of controlled Cronbach’s alpha for the full sedation scale was excellent (alpha =0. BLESSED SLEEP (Dr. Lianna Titcombe Hospice Veterinarian Claire Place Mobile Veterinary Services P. Mary Gardner, Canine FAS Sedation - Pain Algorithm. 5, and 5 mg/kg) of alfaxalone following premedication with low-dose medetomidine (5 µg/kg) alone, butorphanol (0. SEDATIVE PROTOCOLS . Skip to content Including proper sedation with appropriate medications in every euthanasia appointment helps create the best end-of-life experience possible for your patients The following drug protocols are used by the ASPCA Spay/Neuter Alliance to deliver and record the appropriate drugs for patient. You may need to add This is one reason that protocols for treating pain in veterinary patients have been difficult to develop. 1ml (ok to decrease total by 0. 5 mg/mL dexmedetomidine and 2. Because larger breeds seem to be more sensitive to acepromazine, it is recommended not to exceed a total dose of 1 Premedication and Sedation Use this chart to determine which drug-class combinations may benefit your individual patients based on their health, demeanor, and the reason they require medication, including simply to Sedative combinations for ferrets Ketamine (5–8 mg/kg i. However, little evidence suggests the choice of drugs has any Volume resuscitating a severely hypovolaemic dog prior to anaesthesia. ) or dexmedetomidine (40–50 μg (micrograms)/kg i. Young, Healthy Dog Canine Procedural Sedation Strategies – Optimizing Drug Selection To accomplish deep sedation, you will build on the moderate sedation protocol by increasing the dose of dexmedetomidine to 10 mcg/kg with the higher butorphanol dose of 0. Definitions and abbreviations 83 . Last Updated on February 17, 2024 by admin. , Tranquilli W. We hypothesized that the chosen sedation scale would be unreliable when used by different raters Risk for complications and even death is inherent to anesthesia. The sedative and induction drugs can be combined in the same syringe and administered IM in healthy patients. 2. It is important to have the head and neck extended to prevent obstruction from the pharyngeal soft tissues. As with cats, at home administration of sedative, analgesic or anti-anxiety medications can reduce the stress of a car ride, and decrease a dog’s anxiety at the time of arrival at the hospital. Claire Place Mobile Veterinary Services, Canada. Here’s a comprehensive overview of the types of sedatives typically used in veterinary sedation protocol and how Keywords analgesia, anesthesia, canine, ovariohysterectomy. 05 Safe and effective anesthesia of dogs and cats rely on preanesthetic patient assessment and preparation. FAS 2-3 MILD PAIN Dexmedetomidine 1-3 mcg/kg IV or 3-10 mcg/kg IM OR Acepromazine 0. Mitral valve disease (MVD) is an acquired cardiac disease, common in old and small-breed dogs and most prevalent in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the Dachshund PRE-EUTHANASIA SEDATION . 3 years of age and weighing 10. 5 a class of medications typically used in pre-anesthetic and sedation protocols and for the treatment of anxiety, fears, phobia, and panic in cats and dogs, and in humans. 2008; 21:238–242. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 005 (light sedation to 0. Brachycephalic patients should be kept in sternal recumbency, whenever possible. ). 4 mg/kg IV/IM Benzodiazepine Midazolam 0. Protocol for castration Preoperative: Analgesia: Opioid Sedation: Acepromazine and/or benzodiazepines (midazolam or diazepam 0. • What is the normal cycle of seizures for this patient? For elective procedures, anaesthesia should be postponed until the patient is stable and not experiencing clusters or high frequency of seizures. Lianna Titcombe . Similar protocols can be used for other diagnostic procedure such as cerebral spinal fluid collection. h Chill Protocol duration is approximately 4 to 6 hours. Methods: Dogs were allocated to receive one of four anesthetic protocols: 1 - pre-medication with acepromazine and butorphanol, Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate sedative and behavioral effects of a client-administered preappointment protocol with PO gabapentin and melatonin and oral-transmucosal acepromazine (GMA protocol). The CT studies were performed under general anesthesia in three dogs and under sedation in nine. feline spay and canine neuter), but that can be prolonged when A sedative or anesthetic agent should be given prior to euthanasia to reduce the risk for pain and stress. 5,7–12 A recent study6 in dogs reported decreased lip-licking, a sign of stress, Stress scores were significantly lower after the GMA protocol, and sedation scores were significantly higher when compared to baseline (21. 1 cc/kg IM Sedation: Canine 1. 1 Commonly affected breeds include bullmastiffs, Bouvier des Flandres, Dogues de Bordeaux, golden retrievers, Newfoundlands, and Rottweilers. Greene S. This degree of sedation requires monitoring similar Sedation/Preanesthetic Videos; Intratesticular Block Videos; Cat Neuters Under Local Videos; This protocol is most effective when the patient is either depressed from their disease or very sedate from the If, at any point, the canine patient is nearly, but not quite, able to be intubated, the addition of 2 mg After 30 min of obtaining vascular access, the animals were randomly divided into two groups, by means of a computer drawing, being submitted to different sedation protocols. 5 mg/kg PO (dog) Alpha-2 agonist Dexmedetomidine gel OTM. 2020). 42. Sedation is aimed at facilitating The type and severity of cardiac disease present will impact heavily on how the anaesthetic protocol is designed and how the case is managed (Hughes, 2008). Design an analgesic and sedation treatment and monitoring plan to minimize hyperalgesia and delirium and optimize neurodevelopmental outcomes in children analgesia and sedation for certain patients or more invasive procedures. On average, the cost associated with general anesthesia compared to the medetomidine-based sedation protocol was 1. The article includes recommendations for pre-anesthetic patient For the past 15 years, Banfield Pet Hospital has supplied veterinary teams with free and publicly available guidelines on anesthesia in the veterinary hospital. Moderate sedation was observed, and side effects, such as tremors, nystagmus and auditory hyperesthesia, were noticed. such as exercise tolerance is helpful in determining which dogs have significant cardiovascular disease prior to sedation. Design an evidence-based analgesic and/or sedative treatment and monitoring plan for the hospitalized child who is postoperative, acutely ill, or in need of prolonged sedation. The choice for midazolam and butorphanol was because it is a light to moderate sedation with minimal cardiovascular changes and muscle relaxation. Published Feb 12, 2020. View Sedation - sedative protocols & more Canis resources at Vetlexicon. 04 (moderate plane of anesthesia) mL/kg The sedative and After 30 min of obtaining vascular access, the animals were randomly divided into two groups, by means of a computer drawing, being submitted to different sedation protocols. 02 9. Sedation protocols may include a tranquilizer (eg, acepromazine) or sedative (eg, dexmedetomidine), an opioid for analgesia and sedation (in dogs), and, if warranted, an anesthetic agent. Diagnostic procedures that require either general anesthesia or heavy sedation infusion combined with infusion of a short-acting opioid such as fentanyl or remifentanil is a popular anesthetic protocol for neurological 55. Relationship of canine bispectral index to Fractious dogs may require sedation or anesthesia while hospitalized. 1). What Meds Will Knock My Dog Out? A Guide to Veterinary Sedation Protocol. In-hospital sedation 75. The newest edition of the guidelines was released late last month. Multiple guidelines have been drafted by expert panels promoting the standard of care for canine anesthesia and analgesia (Epstein et al. 2020 AAHA Anesthesia and Monitoring Guidelines for Dogs and Cats; Guidelines Contributors; Anesthesia Discharge Template; Resource Center; Drug Combinations; More detailed information for cats is available with the 2018 AAFP Feline Anesthesia Guidelines. 4 mL) ketamine. Patients with mild liver disease can be expected to have fewer problems with general anesthesia than patients with severe, fulminant disease. For example, a cat Step 1: Pre-medicate the Dog before it comes inside the Clinic Pre-clinic sedation is important for those dogs who are anxious upon arrival at the clinic. ; 2 Board of Directors - Regional Officer, American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia; Senior Lecturer in Veterinary Anaesthesia, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary Veterinary Sedation Protocol. 39 vs 0. Dechra offers a comprehensive range of anaesthesia and sedation products, allowing you to individualize your protocols and patient care. As with cats, at home administration of sedative, analgesic or anti-anxiety medications can reduce The most effective protocol is to administer a dose of the drug the night before the veterinary visit and again the morning of the veterinary visit at least two hours before the patient leaves home. 1 ml per 10# minus 0. The combination Choosing an ideal IV induction protocol is one of the many decisions required for a smooth anesthetic event. Preanesthetic Protocols : 1) Acepromazine (only) a) General information i) excessive sedation that can occur. 28, 43 In one report, results with alfaxalone (0. [Google Scholar] 11. 7 kg. Anesthesia and Analgesia for the Veterinary Practitioner: Canine and Feline offers new and updated anesthesia and pain management In humans, trazodone can precipitate or unmask long QT syndrome, potentially leading to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. However, although the mortality rate is very low, morbidity due to anesthesia, which is often overlooked, is not uncommon • In man severe hypoxic brain damage can decrease Sedation avoids disadvantages specific to general anesthesia; however, the use of a sedation protocol for voiding urohydropropulsion requires adequate relaxation of the urethra along with immobilization of the patient. Under the guidance of Editor-in-Chief, Fergus Allerton, the Editorial Panel has thoroughly reviewed and updated the content of the Formulary. Stephanie Pain Management Protocol The following pain management protocol is tiered to ensure a global relevance, recognizing that not all analgesic modalities are available to veterinary practitioners and vary from region to region around the world. This syndrome is basically not a thing in dogs and cats but I still pay pretty close attention to the ECG when using trazodone prior to anesthesia because it is possible that unexpected effects might occur once other sedatives and inhalant Dexmedetomidine is commonly used in small animal anesthesia for its potent sedative and analgesic properties; however, concerns regarding its cardiovascular effects prevent its full adoption into veterinary clinical practice. If alternate cause not identified, consider additional testing for Cushing’s • The decision on which sedation or anesthetic protocol to administer to a patient with heart disease should be made primarily on the specific etiology. X; Facebook; Linkedin; Email; Download table. Both drugs can cause some sedation (which is a benefit in this situation) and, as with all sedatives, can cause ataxia in older or weak patients. Medication protocols for emotionally challenged dogs during veterinary visits and procedures from Zero Pain Philosophy and Behavioural Referrals Veterinary PracticeThis protocol is designed to be used in 50–150 mg/cat PO, 20–40 mg/kg PO (dog) 2–3 hr before visit Trazodone 3–7. 13 Of note, most anesthetic drugs deeper and longer lasting sedation when compared to a combination of acepromazine and a benzodiazepine. 2 cc for a 25-kg dog). Sedative/opioid combination protocols can be used to facilitate procedures requiring sedation without anesthesia. , Benson G. hospicevet. A. Figure 2. Although these protocols are also acceptable for patients with mild disease, since the drugs cannot be titrated “to effect,” an IV induction protocol is preferred for patients with moderate disease, neonates and “true Pre-euthanasia sedation or anesthesia offers many benefits. Under anesthesia, non-intravenous routes may be Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) techniques include a broad spectrum of protocols from anxiolysis and pain relief to deep sedation for patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. 4 mg/kg IM; diazepam is best given IV – painful IM); alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist Induction of anaesthesia: IV Induction Protocols for Dogs and Cats; IM Sedation and Induction Combination for Healthy Dogs and Cats. The current sedation protocol utilized by the Foster Hospital for Small Animals blood bank involves an intramuscular (IM) injection of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol. Statistical analysis. These updated guidelines have three main sections: – A short description of the basis for the test of rod and cone function in the dog. Also included are Medetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, has been used intramuscularly (IM) and intravenously (IV) to provide moderate to profound sedation and analgesia in dogs, typically in combination with other agents such as opioids and ketamine (6–8). • What treatment is the patient receiving? PRE-EUTHANASIA SEDATION PROTOCOLS FOR CANINE AND FELINE PATIENTS euthabag. Your protocols may be different, so your drug charts may need to be adjusted. Provides about 30 minutes of sedation to transition smoothly from anesthesia. 2 mL. suspected canine Cushing’s syndrome or Addison’s disease ACTH stimulation test Diagnostic protocol for cases of suspected canine hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s syndrome) or hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease) Rule out nonadrenal causes for clinical signs. It allows the owners to spend time with their pet before euthanasia, improves safety for the person performing euthanasia and others who are present, decreases stress for the patient, reduces or eliminates the need for physical restraint for intravenous injection. In-hospital brachycephalic-specific sedation 76 . 5 mL 0. 4 0. These cases are high risk and should be labor intensive to ensure a good outcome. When selecting an opioid for incorporation in the protocol avoid butorphanol, morphine and fentanyl, and use methadone at the low end of the dose range (0. 3 mg/kg butorphanol Combined and given SQ or IM If more sedation is required: Give label dose of medetomidine IM There are surprisingly few large prospective trials comparing anaesthetic protocols for caesarean sections in veterinary medicine. To avoid high concentrations a balanced protocol is advised, for example with a CRI of low-dose ketamine, a benzodiazepine, and an opiate. Can Sedation and pre-anaesthetic medication are part of the daily routine in small animal practice. indicate that Instead of sedation, the dog may show restlessness and dysphoria. Benzodiazepines have anxiolytic Keywords: Anesthesia; sedation; anesthetic equipment; comorbidities; monitoring; airway management I ntr oduci Data and empirical experience have shown that cats undergoing anesthesia continue to have an increased mortality rate compared with dogs. 3 mg/kg This protocol is designed to be used in conjunction with a dog friendly approach to managing the individual patient. View Sedation/anesthesia protocols for aggressive dogs & more Canis resources at Vetlexicon. Medetomidine and butorphanol sedation. J. 84 vs 27. 2015; Grubb et al. S ubaortic stenosis (SAS) is one of the most common congenital cardiac diseases in dogs; overall estimated prevalence is 0. Veterinary Sedation Protocol. (0. Propofol • Indications: Sedation only, no analgesia provided; most useful for a relatively healthy patient. In addition, monitoring equipment used for dogs receiving general anesthesia and dogs receiving medetomidine-based sedation protocols was similar. v. Differences between dogs and cats in the response to anesthetic and analgesic drugs can compound the complex nature of cardiac anesthesia. Developed by the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA), the purpose of this article is to provide guidelines for anesthetizing dogs and cats, which can be used daily in veterinary practice. The higher value for ICC average reflects the improved reliability of multiple observers. As well as up-to-date information on over 400 drug monographs, the new edition includes: 20 new drug monographs, a clear indication of which drugs are authorized for use in dogs, cats or both species; guidance on the prescribing cascade and medicines available as ‘veterinary specials’; and a sedation protocol for dogs with the ABCB1 gene Canine and Feline At all times, every medical team must comply with individual state Protocols 75. IM alfaxalone can be effective for short-duration, deep sedation in cats and small dogs, but the high dose required for anesthesia maintenance in healthy cats can cause excitement and hypermetria in recovery. Speakers at the American Animal Hospital Association’s Connexity 2020 conference covered the AAHA anesthesia guidelines, updated earlier this year. 03 mg/kg IM or Canine Sedation Protocols Healthy Patients Things you need to know about Title: Sedation & Sedation protocol (IM or SQ, however prefer SQ when working with Dexmedetomidine protocols) Dexmedetomidine (0. SUMMARY: CANINE PRE-EUTHANASIA SEDATION PROTOCOLS CALM PATIENT REACTIVE PATIENT 7-10 mg/kg TRAZODONE Preappointment ORAL sedation 10-40 mg/kg GABAPENTIN 50-150 mcg/kg PENTOBARBITAL In-clinic ORAL Preanesthetic Sedation. 2–0. General protocols for pre-euthanasia sedation of most commonly encountered species in small animal practice Methods of pre-euthanasia sedations/anae sthesia & Euthanasia Butorphanol In cases where the animal is alert (or aggressive) prior to sedation always use tasty treat and touch as distraction simultaneously with administration Protocols based around a benzodiazepine and opioids with propofol as an induction agent are used to provide sedation and analgesia while limiting the possibility of imaging contrast induced seizure. Sedation: feline 1. ℹ️The Dog’s Trust and the British Veterinary An ideal sedative protocol, as recommended in human medicine, is rapid-acting with minimal side effects, although, without physical examination, adverse effects are difficult to predict in fractious patients. Introduction Primary care clinicians commonly perform ovariohysterec-tomies in dogs, generally without complications. To meet this goal, tables, algorithms, figures, and "tip" boxes with critical information are included in the manuscript and an in-depth online resource center is shelter anesthesia protocol will have a wide safety margin for animals of all ages. Sedation and immobilization. Anesthetic Induction and Intubation 83 Assisted ventilation 85 Anesthetic monitoring 96 Affiliations 1 Lecturer in Veterinary Anaesthesia, College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia. 5 mg which is 0. A female dog positioned for urohydropropulsion after medetomidine-based sedation. Introduction • A general anesthetic to a healthy dog should bear little risk to the animal’s life. The protocol must also be effective, economical, and easy to use with a small volume for injection, have rapid on- and off-set with a associated with dissociative agents in dogs. Rhinoscopy patients need to have very good analgesia in their anesthetic protocol, as the procedure requires a surgical plane of anesthesia. Mitral valve disease. Medetomidine sedation is profound and dose-dependent, and can lead to the upper airway obstruction in brachycephalic dogs. Preappointment Preparation. Please see Anesthesia and Analgesia for the Veterinary Practitioner: Canine and Feline for complete details and information on protocol selection and individualized patient care. – A summary of the recommended protocol and the optional add-ons. Common uses include the sedation of patients for examination and minor procedures, particularly if they are fractious or Adequate sedation, therefore, is essential. Animals: Twenty-four beagle dogs, 1. Liver disease patients can present with a diverse clinical spectrum. In Table 1. Dr. The standard sedation protocols consisted of intravenous administration of butorphanol (0. 25–0. Ultimately, pain relief, as assessed by the criteria previously described, is the only true measure of successful treatment. Use label dose for patient size** Light sedation Opioid Butorphanol 0. 1,2 These Guidelines address specific causes of this disparity and ways of avoiding Herein, we aimed to evaluate the induction, anesthesia, cardiorespiratory effects, and recovery of IM anesthetic protocol with different doses (1, 2. At-home administration of one or more The choice of sedation protocol was based on CVJ / VOL 55 / JANUARY 2014 Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed to determine significant differences in age, weight, cost of sedation/general anesthesia for procedures (“cost of restraint”), and procedure length between groups receiving general anesthesia and groups receiving sedation. The specific drugs and amounts used will depend on several factors. Anaesthesia and analgesia is a constantly advancing field and the third edition has been extensively revised and updated to take account of the latest techniques and considerations. Understanding the underlying structural abnormalities and resultant physiologic consequences can influence the anesthesia protocol, periprocedural monitoring, and plans for emergency interventions. Patients that are high energy, nervous, dyspneic, Profound sedation can occur rapidly, so intubation tools and oxygen should be available. • Contraindications: Should not be used in hypovolemic dogs due to IM as a sedative (see sedation chart) Etomidate 1–3 Can cause myoclonus, paddling, For a 20-kg dog, draw up 40 mg (2 mL) propofol and 40 mg (0. However, the use of guidelines, checklists, and training can decrease the risk of anesthesia-related adverse events. Selection of a drug or drugs for sedation depends on the purpose for which it is intended and pharmacological details of opioids and sedatives are given in Chapters 4 and 5. Proper patient monitoring is crucial for any animal undergoing anesthesia, especially those with underlying disease. A protocol that resulted in profound sedation would be required, such as one incorporating medetomidine. ) to which can be Preappointment ORAL sedation Trazodone 7-10 mg/kg + Gabapentin 10-40 mg/kg Administer ORALLY 3 times: the night before + in the morning + 2 hours before appointment Medication protocols for emotionally challenged dogs during veterinary visits and procedures from Zero Pain Philosophy and Behavioural Referrals Veterinary Practice This protocol is designed • A good preanesthetic sedation facilitates smooth induction and has anesthetic sparing effect during maintenance • There are many choices available. An opioid analgesic and a sedative agent are usually provided as premedication to provide pre-emptive pain relief and anxiolysis and reduce the necessary dose for the induction and maintenance of anaesthetic used as a component of an injectable pre -euthanasia sedation or anesthetic protocol. Anesthetic Induction Protocols; Anesthetic Maintenance Routine; Anesthetic Maintenance Protocols; Recovery; Alfaxalone - NEW!! Alpha-2 Agonists ; Anesthetic Overview; Procedural Sedation, & Local Blocks; Who We Are; Interactive Discussions & Consultations ; Search; Please Support the VASG : Welcome to the VASG : TIMELY TOPICS Background The aim of this study was to assess validation evidence for a sedation scale for dogs. com •sedation is essential to ensure a smooth, peaceful passing •include discussion about sedation in your initial contact with the client, it The following drug protocols are used by the ASPCA Spay/Neuter Alliance to deliver and record the appropriate drugs for patient. Large dogs . . This discussion focuses on the anesthetic management of dogs with varying stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease and commonly observed comorbidities. In a shelter medicine or other high-quality high-volume spay–neuter setting where many animals are handled, efficiency and clinic flow are essential and an injectable IM protocol that is suitable for dogs and cats with sufficient duration of action for some procedures (e. The The sedative and induction drugs can be combined in the same syringe and administered IM in healthy patients. Bacon Lily is a 7-year-old and 1 month canine (Blue Heeler) she weighs 44. 5 µg/kg of fentanyl, and the animals of the DF group received the association of 2 µg/kg of 2. b) Patient selection i) Recommended use (1) Use of acepromazine as a sole agent is not recommended. 2mls over 50# bw) Example combo for 50 lb dog = T (0. Pethidine and oxymorphone are opioids that mildly decrease contraction and mildly increase heart rate, while morphine and fentanyl will preserve cardiac function and give better It is commonly prescribed in humans for a variety of psychiatric and medical diagnoses, including depression and insomnia. MRI measurement of the canine auditory pathways and relationship with brainstem auditory evoked responses. 25 mg dexmedetomidine and 5 mg of butorphanol, and per mL of mixture Dose at 0. The objective of these guidelines is to make the anesthesia period as safe as possible for dogs and cats while providing a practical framework for delivering anesthesia care. Here’s a comprehensive overview of the types of sedatives typically used in veterinary sedation protocol and how CANINE PRE-EUTHANASIA SEDATION PROTOCOLS CALM PATIENT REACTIVE PATIENT 7-10 mg/kg TRAZODONE Preappointment ORAL sedation 10-40 mg/kg GABAPENTIN 50-150 mcg/kg PENTOBARBITAL In-clinic ORAL sedation 60 mg/kg DEXMEDETOMIDINE or DETOMIDINE OR + BLESSED SLEEP DOGGIE MAGIC ABK 0. METHODS In this Pre-Euthanasia sedation: Winning protocols! Céline Leheurteux, DMV 1999 . Immobilization 80 . 2 mg/kg/min) were similar to isoflurane maintenance The ideal anesthesia protocol for pacemaker placement maintains the patient's heart rate without affecting cardiac output and contractility. e. The current state of canine If acepromazine is included in the sedative protocol, use the low end of the dose range (5 µg (micrograms)/kg i. 1 +/- 0. 2018; Gates et al. 02 mg Step 1: Pre-medicate the Dog before it comes inside the Clinic Pre-clinic sedation is important for those dogs who are anxious upon arrival at the clinic. However, it can be more dangerous for the veterinarian and any assistants; patient selection is Sedation protocols may include a tranquilizer (eg, acepromazine) or sedative (eg, dexmedetomidine), an opioid for analgesia and sedation (in dogs), and, if warranted, an anesthetic agent. Study design: Prospective experimental trial. 025 8. Patients should be premedicated with drugs that provide sedation and analgesia prior to anesthetic induction with drugs that allow endotracheal intubation. Whereas an anesthetic protocol which mildly decreases the force of myocardial contraction and vascular resistance may be beneficial, extreme bradycardia should be avoided. 5ml), X (0. The structure, which has worked so well for the previous editions, has been retained and there are new chapters on pain assessment methods, anaesthesia for MRI and how to manage chronic This prospective crossover study compared the effects of intramuscular administration of medetomidine for sedation on parameters of the abdominal vascular system, measured by enhancement computed tomography (CT), to those of propofol-induced sevoflurane maintenance anesthesia, as a control, in five clinically healthy adult male beagle dogs As well as up-to-date information on over 400 drug monographs, the new edition includes: 20 new drug monographs, a clear indication of which drugs are authorized for use in dogs, cats or both species; guidance on the prescribing cascade and medicines available as ‘veterinary specials’; and a sedation protocol for dogs with the ABCB1 gene and a mycobacterial protocol for cats. 68, respectively). Learn More About Anesthesia in Vet Med . feline spay and canine neuter), but that can be prolonged when necessary, is ideal. Equine Standing Sedation Protocols Many procedures are performed in horses using standing sedation and local blocks. ca. Combining medetomidine with an opioid, such as butorphanol, means the dose of medetomidine can be reduced due to the synergistic effects. It has been used as an adjunct for canine anxiety disorders (3) as well as to facilitate post-surgical cage rest (4) and has been shown to reduce outward signs of stress and anxiety in hospitalized dogs. – Some technical aspects of the recording, such as equipment and patient preparation. Sedative combinations for dogs Acepromazine as sole agent : Acepromazine alone is not a particularly effective sedative. 4 mg/kg but also consider if that will be adequate for the patient and procedure. A single dose of It is useful, therefore, when considering the protocol for anaesthesia of patients with idiopathic epilepsy, to consider the following points. g. The low-end of the dosages is used for moderate sedation, the high end of the dosages for deep Sedation protocols should be tailored to specific patient needs. These tools should be used not only during the time 2020 AAHA Anesthesia and Monitoring Guidelines for Dogs and Cats; The ASA created a physical status scale that is often used in veterinary medicine to rate patients for potential anesthetic risk. sedation). A full mu agonist opioid such as hydromorphone, morphine or oxymorphone can be administered as part of the premed in addition to a tranquilizer like acepromazine or an alpha-2 sedative. ANIMALS 45 client-owned dogs between 1 and 12 years old that underwent standardize examinations between February and August 2021. Anticholinergic can be added to the protocol to prevent sinus bradycardia. 3% in the general population and approximately 5% in dogs with cardiac disease. O. Thus, the animals in the XF group received the association of 0. Sedation protocols described for performance of the BAER test in adult dogs include acepromazine alone or in combination with an opioid da Costa RC, et al. Doggie magic combination for light and mild sedation-premedication Dexdomitor-Opioid-Ketamine-Sedation/analgesia In Dogs Light Sedation Mild sedation Dog Weight Dexdomitor 62. Injectable IM induction agents commonly used in dogs and cats include ketamine combinations, General principles. 1 / 3 /category/vets/ when considering the protocol for anaesthesia of patients with idiopathic epilepsy, to consider the following points. 04 7-9 3-4 4. 5 mcg/m2 IM Dexdomitor 125 mcg/m2 IM Lbs Kg mcg/kg Dexdomitor ml mcg/kg Dexdomitor ml 4 -7 2-3 4. Its implementation will be guided by the various analgesic modalities available along with An anesthetic protocol should include a drug for sedation and one for analgesia. Sedation level increased in the majority of dogs following injection (p < 0. com www. For further information see monograph. drug metabolism) is more closely correlated to body surface area than body weight, and giant breed dogs have a smaller surface area to body weight ratio than smaller dog Multiple guidelines have been drafted by expert panels promoting the standard of care for canine anesthesia and analgesia (Epstein et al. 4 mg/kg IM or Buprenorphine 0. The anesthetist creating the plan will have to evaluate the temperament of the patient, the type of procedure being performed, and the co-existing conditions or contraindications each patient may have. Sedation in young, old & sick Full-mu opioids are reversible Bradycardia Vomiting Acepromazine Decreases stress Mild to moderate sedation Calm recovery Long-acting Reduces anesthetic requirements Variable sedation in some patients No analgesic properties Pre-disposes to hypotension Not reversible α-2 Agonists • Dexmedetomidine • Xylazine assess canine retinal function using any ERG protocol. Over 28,000 peer-reviewed resources: Bovis, Equis, Felis, Lapis & Exotis. 11 Despite a lack of published data on the merits of gabapentin to treat and reduce anxiety, Costa et al. Understanding the intricacies of sedation in dogs is crucial for veterinary professionals. She is female, spayed and going under for a dental cleaning. analgesia and sedation for certain patients or more invasive procedures. com / euthabag. 3 mg/kg IM Sedation and Induction Combination for Healthy Dogs and Cats; IV Induction Protocols for Dogs and Cats; IV Induction Protocols for Dogs and Cats. (5) In addition use multimodal analgesic protocols Reconstitute tiletamine/zolazepam powder with 2. 12ml), A (0. Consultations to referring veterinarians and animal owners regarding anesthetic protocols or pain management strategies for acute and chronic pain states in all species; Donate to: Friends of Anesthesiology . 2 mg/kg, IV/IM Moderate sedation Opioid Butorphanol 0. 1–0. 2 mg/kg of xylazine and 2. Box 367|Manotick|ON|Canada|K4M 1A4 T: (613) 323-3000 F: (613) 692-3647 Lianna@hospicevet. 89). 0001, median difference = 5, 95% CI [4 to 8] Fig. 6 times higher for cystoscopy, and 1. Consultations to AAHA Anesthesia Guidelines for Dogs and Cats (2020) Login to Bookmark Share. Deep sedation of these patients can be associated with excessive relaxation of the upper airway muscles and worsened airway obstruction. • What is the normal cycle of seizures for this patient? For elective procedures, anaesthesia should Short-duration maintenance can be achieved with IM administration of sedatives plus ketamine or tiletamine/zolazepam. Any time your animal undergoes a test or procedure that requires anesthesia, we gather comprehensive data in advance to develop an individualized anesthetic and pain management plan specifically for your animal. , i. It is important to understand the pharmacology of the different drugs used so that the most appropriate combination for each individual patient can be chosen. 5 µg/kg of fentanyl, and the animals of the DF group received the association of 2 µg/kg of Sedation scoring, cardiorespiratory parameters (including blood gas analysis), echocardiography, thoracic radiography and electrocardiography were performed before sedation and 30 min after drug administration. Below are considerations for all pets, and included within each unique protocol is a quick reference with specifc recommendations and risks for each anesthetic protocol. Provision of a fan and sedation will cool patients prior to the anaesthetic. CANINE & FELINE ANESTHESIA . , et al. When your dog requires a procedure or surgery, your veterinarian may recommend sedation to ensure their comfort and safety. vide anxiolysis and dose-dependent sedation in vet-erinary species. 2) Acepromazine & Butorphanol The BSAVA Small Animal Formulary has been one of the Association’s most trusted and highly valued publications for over a quarter of a century. • What is the normal cycle of seizures for this patient? For elective procedures Speakers at the AVMA Virtual Convention 2020 discussed how to improve safety for cats and dogs undergoing anesthesia. 3 mg/kg, Dolorex 10 mg/mL, MSD Animal Health) and medetomidine (5 mcg/kg, Medetor 1 mg/mL, Virbac Limited). 99). Choosing an ideal IV induction protocol is one of the many Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate sedative and behavioral effects of a client-administered preappointment protocol with PO gabapentin and melatonin and oral-transmucosal acepromazine (GMA protocol). Clinicians. General considerations for patients with liver disease. 4 years in hospice practice . Follow this peer-reviewed guide for 5 tips on safe handling and Patients with underlying systemic disease may require dose alterations and/or alternative drug protocols to account for comorbidities. ) plus medetomidine (80–100 μg (micrograms)/kg i. 5 µg/kg of fentanyl, and the animals of the DF group received the association of and complicate your anaesthetic. If GA is not an option and you have to sedate a dog such as Arnie, some tips are available to save unnecessary stress. In many emergency situations, general anesthesia may be preferable to PSA because it allows complete control of the airway and the ability to CANINE PRE-EUTHANASIA SEDATION PROTOCOLS CALM PATIENT REACTIVE PATIENT 7-10 mg/kg TRAZODONE Preappointment ORAL sedation 10-40 mg/kg GABAPENTIN 50-150 mcg/kg PENTOBARBITAL In-clinic ORAL sedation 60 mg/kg DEXMEDETOMIDINE or DETOMIDINE OR + BLESSED SLEEP DOGGIE MAGIC ABK 0. The American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) anesthesia guidelines recommend a four- to six-hour fast for healthy adult dogs, shorter fasts for dogs that are small (< 2kg), young (< 2 weeks) or diabetic, and longer fasts for dogs with known risk of regurgitation based on breed or individual history (Figure 1). 5 times higher for urohydropropulsion. Statistical analysis was performed to determine significant differences in age, weight, cost of sedation/general anesthesia for procedures (“cost of restraint”), and procedure length between groups receiving general anesthesia and groups receiving sedation. Sedation could affect the baseline/ pre-cortisol, but in theory should not affect the post-cortisol level if collection and ACTH dose correspond to maximal stimulation. 01-0. Although effective sedation was achieved with dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with is suggested for pre- euthanasia sedation, i n a 20 kg dog this would be 1. 3. 7 0. 5 mg/kg acepromazine (use 25 mg/mL) 0. ANIMALS 45 Equine Standing Sedation Protocols Many procedures are performed in horses using standing sedation and local blocks. Sedation is generally not recommended when performing an ACTH stimulation. 1. Making a definitive statement about the effect of sedation is difficult aside from the fact it is not advised. This is most pronounced with acepromazine and hydromorphone. Common pre-euthanasia sedatives include benzodiazepines (eg, midazolam), opioids (eg, butorphanol), α 2 agonists (eg, Within this protocol, gabapentin has properties that promote anxiolysis, sedation, and analgesia. The scale is as follows: Acepromazine-induced vagal response, marked hypotension and bradycardia have been reported in Boxer dogs of UK lineage; Boxer cardiomyopathy: Avoid acepromazine in Boxer dogs if possible and reduce For mild-moderate sedation in dogs that are hospitalized or undergoing veterinary examination, the cumulative dosage range reported is 3. Physiologic Sedation. 2 mg/kg i. 3 mg/kg) alone, or a combination of both (medetomidine–butorphanol) in dogs. feline spay and canine neuter), but that can be prolonged when The objective of these guidelines is to make the anesthesia period as safe as possible for dogs and cats while providing a practical framework for delivering anesthesia care. 5mg/ml) = 0. Mild behaviour been believed ACP decreases the seizure threshold and should be avoided in epileptic dogs, this is no longer the case. Although these protocols are also acceptable for patients with mild disease, since the drugs cannot be titrated “to effect,” an IV induction protocol is preferred for patients with moderate disease, neonates and “true After 30 min of obtaining vascular access, the animals were randomly divided into two groups, by means of a computer drawing, being submitted to different sedation protocols. Several cross-sectional studies have investigated anesthetic and analgesic protocols used in general practice (Wagner & Hellyer 2000; Sano et al. m. This chapter looks at aims of pre-anaesthetic medication and sedation, pharmacology, drugs used for pre-anaesthetic CANINE PRE-EUTHANASIA SEDATION PROTOCOLS CALM PATIENT REACTIVE PATIENT 7-10 mg/kg TRAZODONE Preappointment ORAL sedation 10-40 mg/kg GABAPENTIN 50-150 mcg/kg PENTOBARBITAL In-clinic ORAL sedation 60 mg/kg DEXMEDETOMIDINE or DETOMIDINE OR + BLESSED SLEEP DOGGIE MAGIC ABK 0. 15 0. 3 mg/kg Anaesthesia and Sedation Your patients depend on the safe and effective use of anaesthesia and sedation as you care for them. An effective Sedation Plan to reduce fear considers in-clinic patient needs, and also assesses whether the Use this chart to determine which drug-class combinations may benefit your individual patients based on their health, demeanor, and the reason they require medication, including simply to Depending on the pet patient’s health status and signalment, it may be advisable to reach for an anesthetic protocol over a sedative. Once the etiology of heart disease has been determined, specific recommendations can be provided on the choice of sedation or anesthesia. h The prescribing clinician is responsible for awareness of the patient’s general health condition and when Chill Protocol administration might be contraindicated or require administration at a lower dose. 11 and 1. Onset and duration, route of administration, desired depth of sedation, procedure, and need for reversibility should all be considered. 2lbs. Short-acting agents that leave little residual drug effect should allow these dogs to wake up rapidly and get back airway control. Furthermore, xy-lazine-induced hypotension is a concern during the recovery. 2011 Nov-Dec Giant breed dogs often do not require the same mg/kg drug dose as a small breed dog to achieve the same desired effect (i. It is useful, therefore, when considering the protocol for anaesthesia of patients with idiopathic epilepsy, to consider the following points. 5 mL 10 mg/mL butorphanol for a final concentration of 100 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam, 0. Inhaled maintenance anesthetics cause a dose-dependent depression of myocardial contraction and should be used judiciously. Lyon Lee DVM PhD DACVA . 15 mg/kg 0. This is because metabolic rate (i. 22 mg/kg x 0. It is best to avoid the use of benzodiazepines in dogs that are bright and alert. This avoids the risk of general anesthesia and can make surgery easier due to the position, height and decreased blood loss (lower flow to the head and back). To meet this goal, tables, algorithms, figures, and For these reasons, IV induction protocols are preferred for most dogs and cats requiring general anesthesia. This meta-analysis was to determine the effects of dexmedetomidine on sedation, analgesia, cardiovascular and adverse reactions in dogs Anesthetic protocols that are routinely used for normal patients without heart disease can result in acute decompensation in patients with heart disease. CANINE ANESTHESIA . Inter-rater reliability was very good (ICC single = 0. As well as up-to-date information on over 400 drug monographs, the new edition includes: 20 Numerous sedation protocols have been proposed for feline blood donation, 4 –6 many of which include drugs such as dexmedetomidine, medetomidine, ketamine or inhalant anesthetics. v or 10 µg/kg i. 9 +/- 2. AAHA anesthesia guidelines for dogs and cats J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 3 0. Pre-mix • Ketamine 100mg/ml 50ml 10 mg/kg • ACP 25mg/ml 3 ml 0. 51 Both propofol and alfaxalone have been studied to determine if injectables can be used solely to maintain anesthesia to avoid the use of inhalants until all pups are delivered. 95; ICC average = 0. Review these combinations When considering protocols for anaesthesia in small animal patients, we often become fixated on pharmacological management. These guidelines are supported by generous educational grants from IDEXX The concept of a total IV anesthesia protocol has been presented. In this guide, we delve into the safe administration of sedatives, exploring the nuances of drug selection, dosage calculation, and monitoring protocols. 5ml) all combined in same syringe Cats Anesthesia protocol (IM or SQ) Telazol®* (100mg/ml Access our sedation protocols with appropriate medications and help create the best end-of-life experience possible for your patients, their families, and your team. Emotional assessment of the patient should have been carried out as part of that management appropriate to combine with sedation protocols on arrival at the practice. Objective: To characterize the effects of four anesthetic protocols on the size of the spleen during surgery in dogs. hygurez hde lcaag motxo wro lrqr tddxpq hry vabdk lrzox