4nec2 loading coil. • Increased gain, efficiency, and SWR bandwidth. Electrical length on each band is determined by the traps which also act as loading coils on some bands. If I am simply putting either an inductor or a capacitor in there, it really doesn't matter if it's series or parallel. The columns in this table are the following: • Type: This field gives options of different types of structures. 1 - parallel RLC, input ohms, henries, farads. Insulated Wire with 4nec2. Facilidades de procesado Básicamente, hay dos formas de simulación con NEC2. Share your videos with friends, family, and the world 4nec2 package but much more to the large amount of features available. 1 watts. (The version number may be different) 3. This is due to the wire end impedance of a 1/2λ dipole being close to 2450Ω, which is the feed point impedance of an EFHW (ie at the secondary of the impedance matching transformer). domain. In this video I will walk through the process of modelling a J-Pole Antenna. , I have been thinking about the (im)possibilities for modeling (loading-)coils with nec-2 using GW and/or GH cards. For more than 50 years, Charles Industries (formerly Coil Sales) has pioneered load coil technology to develop the highest performing, most reliable coils available anywhere. So by using OHM’s law V = √ (P x R), if we feed the antenna with Jan 19, 2021 · This is the first of a three video series on the the ***FREE*** 4NEC2 Antenna Modelling Application available here:https://www. The accuracy of your results will depend on the size of the segments relative to the wavelength of operation. 1428 m wavelength) and another of 3500 MHz (0. Sections which don't apply to all program types are identified; Nov 16, 2021 · $\begingroup$ EZNEC and 4nec2 both use the free NEC-2 engine by default @MikeWaters. The matching network has a 4:1 Balun and RF choke. You only need to add one line to the Octave startup script and type setup at the Octave command line to compile the scripts and you are ready. Please ask any questions i Mar 24, 2021 · RF Coil Construction; Construction. For example, say you have a 10 foot long wire with 10 segments then each segment is 1 foot in length. In this course 1 Welcome Welcome to EZNEC® version 5. Use 4nec2 antenna simulator/optimizer. Adjust the antenna length (no loading) to resonate at 14. When defining an LC load's parameters , L is specified in (uH), C(pF), and Q as number. Multiband HF antennas, part 3, Windom and OCF dipole. It may assume any shape like rectangular, square, circular, etc. These engines date back to the 1970’s, and were written in Fortran to run on mainframe computers. It is very useful for those designing home made antennas for their RTL-SDR or other radio, or for those just trying to understand how antennas work. 1428 m wavelength). You can simulate the load impedance attached to the second antenna by placing a load in the second antenna's appropriate segment. Efficiency is 4. Wire antenna modelling . Optimizer (Free) 4nec2 Manual. 4-GHz wideband helix antenna. I have been able to create a 'new' model, see below, using the geometry 1. Feb 23, 2019 #1. Apr 21, 2016 · 2021-05-16. I am trying to make the middle segment a coil. 94 mH Apr 21, 2016 · We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Tutorium zur Antennensimulation As 4nec2 predicted that the antenna would present non-resonant load, the transmitter was connected to it through the MFJ-949B antenna tuner without the balun. I **KNOW** it tunes beautifully being fed with 50 Ohm feedline and a 1:1 Voltage balun on 1. Steve McDonald, VE7SL, is a regular contributor to AmateurRadio. ; 1 print rel. The software has changed. The design elements of a 160m Half sloper are very simple. Lightweight: Coil adds ~2000 methods to your APK (for apps that already use OkHttp and Coroutines Dec 3, 2020 · In this sections Justin describes in detail how to use each of the available editors in preparation for moving on to the optimiser. Feb 5, 2024 · 4nec2 seems to be able to do the meshing for you. The Mighty Rhombic, The King of Antennas (AD #128). • Found ‘modification’ by W6NL to 40-2CD/XM-240 design. To realize this an antenna is divided into “short segments” with linear variation of current and voltage (like SPICE when simulating circuits). How To Install A Coaxial Cable F Connector; DIY Discone Antenna. The inductance needed to maintain the antenna at resonance (7. Para que el usuario pueda optimizar y evaluar funciones, el modelo debe tener al menos una variable para optimizar. The 4NEC2 software provides the Automatic Gain Test (AGT) check box when you Generate ( F7) the results of your model. net/4nec2/In this first vi Mar 24, 2021 · The center-loaded off-center-fed dipole is the original invention and work of Serge Stroobandt, ON4AA. 05 amperes, and power radiated is 4. 84 pF It is 1-3/4" diameter. For matching network details see EI7BA's page on the R7. 5. Add center loading network to control the 40 and 30 m bands. A standard dipole antenna is resonant if constructed with a length of one-half wavelength. . Run the program, 4nec2. Over a length of 3" it has 140 turns of 0 03" diameter wire. The length of a vertical quarter wave whip (in feet) is given by the formula 40, 30, 20 Antenna Design Process Full Wavelength at 14. 223 Ohms L 87 uH C 1. SWR on 40m beam is now back to 1:1 !! Success! Fix 2: New antenna on 40m. This quite a good DX out put for a vertical. It is widely used to broadcast MW. The circular loop antenna is one of the easiest to construct as well as to analyze. Extract 4NEC2 by right-clicking on the 4nec2. Feb 3, 2021 · Does the coil below the C1 tap point provide the counterpoise/ground for the antenna, and the part of coil above act as matching/loading coil for lower element ? calculators/plans around for this type or antenna ? generally how does it work, im also trying to model it such as in 4nec2; simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab 4nec2 package but much more to the large amount of features available. Step 3 : In Setting , Click on geometry edit. Even a small amount of top-loading increases efficiency. 2cm) apart. Because the radiator is 1. In this section Justin describes how to change all existing parameters into symbols in preparation for the optimiser, opens the optimiser and details how to wire antennas. Feb 18, 2020 · Linear Loading-Antenna Lengths & Calculations. " The equal-area rule recommends a segment radius that makes the total area of the wire mesh, the same as the area of the metal sheet it replaces. If we remove the center loading coil, we can replace it with a coil 30% from the left end (segment 5) and another matching coil 70% from the right end (segment 11). • Eliminates loading coils. Paraview is optional. • Between efficiency & directivity, new moxon models 4. Step 4 : Click on Edit NEC - input filed , a new window pops up. To realize this an antenna is divided into “short segments”with linear variation of current and voltage (like SPICE when simulating circuits). NEC (= Numerical Electric Code) is a simulation method for wire antennas, developed by the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory in 1981 or the Navy. ” The voltage that can be induced in the secondary winding from the primary magnetic field is a function of the number of secondary conductor loops (turns) cut by the primary electromagnetic field. 73 ohms of feedpoint resistance. The Communicator. EZNEC and other similar antenna modeling packages, with few exceptions, are wrappers for the NEC (Numerical Electromagnetics Code) engines. 97 = 23. The output may include Nov 30, 2020 · Justin G0KSC downloads, installs and then talks through the basics of 4NEC2, opening and viewing a Yagi, running polar plots, SWR sweeps and a 3D view of the Apr 7, 2020 · This was livestreamed on 4/7/2020 9pm and I recorded it. * Full Nec2 and Nec4 command support This effect sees the largish 80M loading coil acting more like a choke at the higher 20M frequency. 6MHz with no switches, one switch on the inner side would give us 21 MHz, and the outer switch Once settling on 4NEC2 as the modeling software, I started fiddling with the new antenna itself. How is a coil created? This particular vertical antenna build is based on my original Shortened 40 Meter Vertical but with the addition of being able to short the loading coil at the proper tap point for resonance on the 30 and 20 meter bands. First of all, Tommy SA2CLC has done a great job of creating his design of the coil former and providing the details of his Antenna build. The recent versions of EZNEC include a transformer emulation capability that might be of interest to end-fed experiments. /Ground tabs. Oct 26, 2009 · Also, the antenna was examined numerically with 4NEC2 and tested in a radio laboratory. Set Tag, First and Last to 0 (this tells nec to apply the insulation to all wires in the model) In “Diel-C” (dielectric constant) choose the insulation material from the list. Instead, we can place coils in the middle of each antenna leg away from the feedpoint. Maximum inductance values were 300μH on 160m, 112μH † on 80m and 35μH on 40m. I have modeled an inverted L antenna after the one that I have already built and used. Pos Horizontal Loop Antenna Experiments. nec) file' and you will be presented with a spreadsheet like screen, and the 'Geometry' tab will be selected. 8-2. The nominal inductance of the loading coil is 110 μH for the 80-10 antenna, and 34 μH for the 40-10 version, see ref. 10 11 wire radius From Tag. 2. Salt Water Dummy Load Feb 4, 2019 · EZNEC or 4nec2. 1 post. So if you are using loading coils with a 2"-3" diameter you should space the Eye-Bolts about 4"-6" (~10. La primera forma es usar el editor geométrico para desarrollar y modificar el modelado de una antena. The current product is also based around C++ which increases the capability of the program. The designed antenna was first simulated across wide bandwidth using 4NEC2 software, and then two identical antennas were made from available materials and finally measured using a vector network analyzer. conductors, and lumped element loading. Considerable effort was taken to get used to 4nec2 without the need to first read the complete help-file. Jul 12, 2012 · In the nec editor in 4nec2, go to the “Source/Load” tab. 1 and 3. Feb 23, 2019 · Inverted L and input impedance with 4NEC2. Run Windows™ Software with PlayOnLinux (Free) 4nec2 Antenna Modeller &. This video is about how to use the ***FREE*** 4NEC2 Antenna Modeling application to model and design a trapped dipole antenna. 3. qsl. Sep 11, 2021 · To carry out the design we used the Mathematica symbolic calculation system. Make sure that “Show loads” is checked. exe file. 1 MHz. the load towards the end of the antenna the values of the impedances needed increase rapidly. to zero (0) 4neC2 is a program that is free for users that run Windows as their main OS. Simulated by 4nec2 the SWR of the unmatched Kilgus coil vs. ANTENNA DESIGN FOR FREE USING MMANA-GAL SOFTWARE. The loop antenna is an example of curved wire antenna. Actually, what it provides is not just another Antenna design to try (and it does that), but it gives you an opportunity to learn a particular area of Antenna Design. After all, this is a tutorial about modeling with EZNEC, not general modeling. 07MHz) was reduced from 15 uH (18 turns form the bottom) to 10 uH (25 turns from the bottom). It's a Nec2 and Nec4 allowing users to create, view and even edit or optimize 2D and 3D style antenna's including geometry structures that can display to users or general patterns. 1. The program can be used to model an antenna, and then determine through simulation properties such as the radiation pattern and SWR of the modelled antenna. Antenna Modelling. * Drag and drop style Geometry Editor to assist the starting antenne modeller. So 6 dBi is 6 dBi no matter what the radiation efficiency of the antenna may be. 4NEC2 can be a complicated piece Nov 5, 2019 · This is available directly from 4NEC2 by driving the first antenna as specified and observing the current in the second antenna (which does not include a source). Keep a copy of this video in you ham radio library for future reference. With a sample version and a paid (full) version of the book, the reader will start from downloading and installing 4NEC2, learning the 4NEC2 user interface, build a 20M dipole and analyze it at various heights above real ground then view the different antenna patterns. Mar 26, 2014 · A couple of years ago I modeled coils in 4Nec2, but now I cannot remember how I did it. Load Coils & Line Conditioning Devices. Double-click on the 4nec2 folder that was created, then double-click again on the Setup4nec2. However, the wires need to be about one-quarter wavelength long rather than the full wavelength shown. Mov Z. Monopole is still most used antenna. When running frequency sweeps, linear or logarithmic style SWR, Gain Installing 4NEC2 and Configuration. Scroll down, and find “Latest 4nec2 version (5. Right now its line looks like this: GW 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sep 1, 2021 · Multiband Loaded Coil Vertical Antenna. 37 and 7. Introduction. It is simply a half wave end-fed on 80m which will resonate on all multiples of that frequency, loaded with a small inductance near the feed end. 0MHz. Of the numerous “front ends” available to run NEC, EZNEC and 4nec2 seem to be at the top of the stack. The reduced half sloper reduced half sloper adds a loading coil and shortens the wire accordingly. Some 4Nec2 features. 2cm-15. Below some 4nec2 specific tutorials I found on the Internet or were sent by email: (I would especially like to thank all the contributors !!) English. KT-36XA over 40-2CD. After its initial publication on the Internet in 2007, the CL-OCFD was subsequently described in the following publications: Ed Spingola, VA3TPV. NEC-2 software is effective for modeling wire-like antennas, including antennas made from tubing, like Yagis. Jun 8, 2022 · This is beginner's intro to designing simple HF vertical antenna for 20 mtr Amateur Radio band. 0! This manual has been written to cover all program types, both standard EZNEC and professional. To do this, I will have to clearly define the rules which we must follow to make An image loading library for Android backed by Kotlin Coroutines. * Line-chart visualization for freq-sweep Gain, F/B, F/R, SWR and impedance data. Here’s a design example (see Table 1) for a 40 foot antenna that will work on the 30 and 20 meter bands. Sep 1, 2021 · Antenna Designs. There are updated versions of the engine, the latest being NEC-5, but they aren't free. Nec tutorial. . 2 - series RLC, input ohms/meter, henries/meter, farads/meter. Contact him at ve7sl@shaw. Several NEC-based applications are available for Windows and MacOS platforms. You can see this for yourself by modeling an antenna made of copper and then writing down the gain, and then changing the antenna model to use a lossier material such as iron. Download and extract its contents. Oct 4, 2017 · Loading coils are used to reduce the physical length of a resonant antenna and are found in a variety of home made and commercially-available antennas. Power lost is 95. One problem I had with the original 40 meter vertical antenna, was that I used two 1/4 wave radials, which conventional Lets design a grounded monopole. A couple of radio amateurs have put some nice pictures on the web that result to be very instructive in explaining how to construct high-Q loading coils: Mark Peterse, PA3HMP came up with an elegant design for the trap coils of his wire dipole antennas, solely based on standard PVC tubing. Dec 2, 2020 · This is a direct follow on from Part 2 which should be viewed before this one. 4nec2 is a completely free Nec2, Nec4 and windows based tool for creating, viewing, optimizing and checking 2D and 3D style antenna geometry structures and generate, display and/or compare near/far-field radiation patterns for both the starting and experienced antenna modeler. Justin covers the opening of a Yagi model within 4NEC2, how to switch between the NEC2 and NEC4 calculation engines (assuming you have an NEC4 license) and t I am experimenting with 4nec2 and these are an elementary questions. com and writes from British Columbia, Canada. Post 2144. Post 2143. $\endgro Using the mouse again left click on the load that is required, this will then appear in the TYPE cell that was selected. 8. In these models the value of the tuning inductor was adjusted to maintain resonance as L and H were changed. Design Example. com. German. EZNEC and 4nec2 are based upon the Numerical Electromagnetics Code, or NEC, which is a popular antenna modelling system for wire and surface antennas originally written in FORTRAN in the 1970s by Gerald Burke and Andrew Poggio of the Lawrence Livermore Oct 24, 2015 · 4NEC2 Definitive Guide - Learn how to use 4NEC2 in the design and analysis of antenna systems. Simulation of wire antennas. diseÑo y simulaciÓn de antenas con el software 4nec2. As an example, for L=0 and Once settling on 4NEC2 as the modeling software, I started fiddling with the new antenna itself. Now It is the coil in a DX-CC dipole. I have provided all the files Jan 6, 2020 · The transformer winding connected to the voltage source is the “primary. When running frequency sweeps, linear or logarithmic style SWR, Gain Apr 5, 2019 · If you are on Facebook, there is a lot of good discussion and information available on the End Fed Half Wave Antennas group. Mar 24, 2021 · The center-loaded off-center-fed dipole is the original invention and work of Serge Stroobandt, ON4AA. So you think you need an antenna analyzer. Justin continues with the editing options within the settings window and focus diseÑo y simulaciÓn de antenas con el software 4nec2. So you could put the coil(s) in and have an antenna that works on 14. Naturally, the power in the load is Z*I^2. HOWEVER, 4NEC2 reports the characteristic impedance as 200 Ohms! Summary. It should be the only file inside the zip file you downloaded. 1%, a 6. The dimensions are not critical. I came across the following antenna which covers the 80-10m bands with no traps and just one loading coil. 5X the wavelength of the 70cm band, the effect of that longer length results in excellent low angle, far With ground losses normalized at 20 ohms and an inductor Q of 200, we have 20+2. For the potential compromise antenna, with SWR results shown in Figure 3, the far field patterns are good for 2m, and, very good for 70cm. For the latest Amateur Radio news and information, please Steps to use 4NEC2 software to simulate half wave dipole antenna at 2. The measured and simulated results 2. The reduced length is of course to support reduced space availability. The choke effectively acts like the (open) switch in the original design. Using the above equations, the antenna has a characteristic impedance of 536 W. Modelling. Simulation van Drahtantennen. In fact it is more like a 3/8 vertical with the normal 200 ohms +Jsomething (inductive impedance). A Simple Pull-Up Mono-Band Vertical Dipole Antenna Design / 4NEC2 Tutorial. It is now possible to create a 4nec2 model with one of these equations and use it to set the rf resistance of a coil automatically whilst the optimiser is adjusting the coil inductance for the best SWR. It is called the EFHW-8010. So a loading coil is added. The excitation may be either voltage sources on the structure or an incident plane wave of linear or elliptic polarization. zip file and select Extract All from the flyout menu. The options are: -1 - short all loads (used to nullify previous loads). Dimensions were provided by Choclab, with some of his photos below. I always put 0 ohms resistance since I am not looking for any loss and the thing asks for series or parallel. The 4nec2 tool consists of four general forms/windows: Main, Geometry, Pattern, Line-chart plus an Edit-, Matching-, Smith-chart and an Optimizer/Sweeper form. Step 2 : Create a new project: In the toolbar menu, select "File" and choose "New" to create a new project. To define a coil specify L, and put C to zero (0) To define a capacitor specify C, and put L. 1 Geometry Tab Under the Geometry tab, we see a table environment that allows us to create the metal geometry that will make up the antenna. The L=0 line represents the case with no top-loading, just the bare vertical with a loading coil at the base. In this paper, we employed the electromagnetic theory to the design of a 2. This is where you enter the antenna geometry. wa2pux. This inductance has the effect of bring the resonances a bit 1. Share. Model the PVC coated wire, use average ground: h = 7 to 12m. 0 - series RLC, input ohms, henries, farads. Current is 2. It is suitable for both experienced and beginner antenna modelers Feb 24, 2009 · Moving the red coil to below the dipole arms, resulted in a modest loss of antenna gain from 0. We need not always use a center load-ing coil. Curves must be broken into a series of straight segments. 41 dBi out put at 5 degrees you require for DX. This is a very interesting article and you have developed a high performance vertical which shows -1. LDTYP (I1) - Determines the type of loading which is used. Under “Load (s)” set the Type to “Wire-coat”. 4GHz: Step 1 : Launch the 4NEC2 software. * Graphical 2D and 3D visualization of Far- and Near-field data and Geometry strutures (including circular polarization view). May 15, 2020 · This tutorial makes broadside and endfire array of 4 dipoles using 4nec2 So I may put a load of 47 uH or 100pF in the load value in the RLC section. With a sample version and a full (paid) version of the book, the reader will start from downloading and installing 4NEC2, learning the 4NEC2 user interface, build a 20M dipole and analyze it at various heights above real ground then view the different antenna patterns. UHF 16-Element Yagi with 6 Reflector Rod Corner Reflector, approximate 4nec2 Model for Wade CYD-1446, analyzed using 4nec2 Antenna Modeling Program. This video from Carl Lewis simple, hands on, and to the point. no ground plane present (Free Space) Ground plane present, wire-ends for Z=0 are ‘connected’ to ground (GN card required; screen- and wire radius on GN card should be blank) Ground present, wire-ends are not ‘connected’ to ground (GN card required) segm XX -> real imag (19: 0 No act. #12 wire conductors are assumed. 4db better than 40-2CD. Oct 5, 2018 · OpenEMS is a simple downloaded zip file that you extract to your c: drive (or anywhere else if you want to be different). admit Jun 4, 2003 · From: <4nec2_at_email. The loop antenna is a radiating coil of any convenient cross section of one or more turns carrying radio frequency current. Jun 24, 2020 · Simulation Far Field Pattern 2m/70cm “Compromise” - 5. Download 4NEC2 here: An antenna loading coil is an inductor placed in series with an antenna element in order to lower the antenna’s resonant frequency. I question that the engine "blows up" simulating a helical antenna when EZNEC will help you model one, but I know the engine has limitations that lead to some simulation results being inaccurate. Mar 13, 2020 · The EFHW-8010-2K End-Fed Halfwave 2kW Multiband Antenna with mounting kit by Myantennas. 2 Meter VHF Quarter Wave Ground Plane Antenna. 4nec2 pretty much relies on whatever the underlying NEC can provide. A vertical antenna (effectively half a dipole operating against a ground plane) is resonant at one-quarter wavelength. However, the spacing between the dipole Eye-Bolts should not be less than twice the diameter of the loading coils. 76+. The required inductance is 2. On the bottom end cap, a coaxial connector is installed. Feb 29, 2020 · 4NEC2をインストールしてもいきなりポンポンと入力・設計出来る人は少ないと思うので、お手持ちのMMANAファイルを4NEC2のファイル形式に変換してくれる NEC-2 for MMANA 、4NEC2のファイル形式にエクスポートが可能な八木アンテナ専用シミュレーションソフト YagiCAD 、そしてMOXONアンテナ専用カリ most concerned with the Geometry, Source/Load, and Freq. 6. 39 dBi. Can predict radiation patterns, impedance, SWR, and in some cases, optimize designs. The remainder of the card is left blank. when the model loads it shows 4 MHz instead of 144. Two versions are presented below, one without and one WITH the Open Matching Stub Line found directly. Coil is: Fast: Coil performs a number of optimizations including memory and disk caching, downsampling the image in memory, automatically pausing/cancelling requests, and more. ground has been set but does not show in the display 3. The tuner was able to present a 50 ohm non-reactive load to the transmitter, which delivered the full rated 100 watts. Today, our coils serve in the vast majority of Feb 23, 2021 · Show activity on this post. The following window will appear: 4NEC2 Opening Screen. The capacitance to counteract the Mar 2, 2016 · 4nec2 takes the radiation efficiency into account when it calculates the gain. ” The transformer winding connected to the load is the “secondary. hidden> Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2003 09:50:37 +0200 (MEST) Hello. 9 watts. 6 dBi to 0 dBi, the take off angle remained the same at about 30degrees. Talk. Our very first product manufactured was the revolutionary single-entry load coil. What is an antenna loading coil, and when should you use one? Our Ask an Elmer panel discuss this question to help us all understand amateur radio a bit bett Jul 19, 2017 · Ends of wires are connected if they are at the same location. Electric Dipole Antenna Simulation. The length of the wire beyond the coil has to be adjusted for the desired portion of the 80 mtr band (or of the 40 mtr band, if making the 40-10 antenna) and the local environment. Dec 23, 2021 · Learn how to use 4NEC2 in the design and analysis of antenna systems. It should contain everything you need to get started in approximately one hour. 4Nec2 tutorials . 7)” under the “Downloads” header. The coils have this RLC: R 0. AVAILABLE ANTENNA DESIGN SOFTWARE. 1. A structure may also be modeled over a ground plane that may be either a perfect or imperfect conductor. ca. I use 4NEC2 software for these designs available at https://w Feb 29, 2020 · 3 of 4 超図解シリーズ！ 4NEC2の使い方を日本一易しく徹底解説すっさげのぅ！ こぃでオメェダもアンテナの達人だんでろや？ 2020/02/29; 2 of 4 超図解シリーズ！ 4NEC2の使い方を日本一易しく徹底解説すっさげのぅ！ こぃでオメェダもアンテナの達人だんでろや？ Jul 11, 2019 · 4nec2 is capable of running up to 11000 wires and/or segments and features a powerful real-time 3D geometry and pattern viewer. Before going into a large number of experiments, I was wondering if there is someone who can say something about this in terms of: Nov 5, 2019 · Now select 'Edit->Input (. For the example below, I used the Create > Loop feature of EZNEC to produce numbered segments, each of which is further broken down (see the green Sep 14, 2015 · 4NEC2 is a freeware antenna simulation software program. Your model is correct in this regard. Run the install file. Let's enter the geometry of the vertical whip and make use of the symbols on 4nec2. It says "Geometry builder to create cylindric, patch, plane, box, helix and parabola shaped structures using auto-segmentation and/or equal-area rules. measured SWR for the designed one QHA wideband 4nec2 is a completely free Nec2, Nec4 and windows based tool for creating, viewing, optimizing and checking 2D and 3D style antenna geometry structures and generate, display and/or compare near/far-field radiation patterns for both the starting and experienced antenna modeler. 4. $\begingroup$ For that short 1-foot segment for applying your source exitation it is best to make its length the same as the other segment lengths of your antenna. In addition, we propose two frequencies for simulation purposes with the assistance of the free software 4Nec2, which will allow us to see its main characteristics, one of 2100 MHz (0. 3dB increase over a base-loaded triangular current system with the same lossy ground. vcvsohdecohlomtburcx
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