Can you mix ritalin and propranolol

Can you mix ritalin and propranolol. Pharmacological treatment of ADHD may be needed for extended periods. Ritalin, a trade-name drug, also has been effective for the treatment of Mar 11, 2019 · Withdrawal. 0 out of 10 from a total of 73 ratings on Drugs. RITALIN LA should be used as a part of a total treatment program for ADHD that may include counseling or other therapies. Adderall and Ritalin are both effective in treating children, but some research suggests that Adderall may be slightly more potent. Low doses of Adderall created effects that were more like a higher dose of Ritalin in children. 30 for those with a prescription, or A$6. Among PS used to treat ADHD, Adderall and Ritalin are the two most common among college students. pinpoint red spots on the skin. crusting, dryness, or flaking of the skin. The mode of action in man is not completely understood, but Ritalin presumably propranolol methylphenidate. g. (Its effects are similar to, but more potent than, caffeine and less potent than amphetamine. Ritalin: Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Methylin, and Rubifen, an amphetamine-like prescription stimulant, are commonly used to treat ADHD in children and adults. Nov 20, 2020 · People age 6 and up being treated for ADHD may start on 5 mg a day, and the dose can be increased up to 40 mg a day, he says. e. Of the total drug interactions, 9 are major, 319 are moderate, and 2 are minor. Narcolepsy Only the Ritalin formulation is approved in the treatment of narcolepsy in adults. substance abuse. Ritalin-SR tablets must be swallowed whole and never crushed or chewed. Jan 18, 2021 · Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by symptoms of inattention or impulsivity or both, and hyperactivity, which affect children, adolescents, and adults. Common side effects include: • fast heart beat • abnormal heartbeat • headache • trouble sleeping • nervousness (palpitations) • sweating a lot • decreased appetite • dry mouth • nausea • stomach pain. More about Ritalin ( methylphenidate ) Ratings & Reviews. If the dose is one-half tablet, there is. ) Ritalin often is prescribed to treat individuals (mostly children) who are diagnosed with ADD (attention deficit disorder) or ADHD (attention Ritalin has an average rating of 7. 56% of reviewers This will make it easier for your body to absorb the medication. If you purchase medications online, be sure you are buying from a reputable and valid online pharmacy. cardiac disease. Of the total drug interactions, 44 are major, 464 are moderate, and 49 are minor. , talk therapy) or substance abuse treatment). DESCRIPTION. View interaction reports for 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) and the medicines listed below. Oct 23, 2021 · The objective of this work was to study the results of urine drug testing for ritalinic acid (RA), the major urinary metabolite of methylphenidate (MP) (e. pancreatitis. This is when a medication reacts with one or more other drugs. There are 5 disease interactions with methotrexate which include: infections. biotin. 5 and 21. Nervousness, trouble sleeping, loss of appetite, weight loss, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, or headache may occur. Methylphenidate hydrochloride USP is a white, odorless, fine crystalline powder. [Brown University] — Common assumption has long held that Ritalin, Adderall and similar drugs work by helping people focus. Examples include headache and the risk of misuse and addiction. Signs of Mar 19, 2020 · PROVIDENCE, R. cardiovascular disease. stomatitis. Ritalin + 2 w group received Ritalin and were sacrificed after two weeks. Maximum total daily dosage is 60 mg. Ritalin, a mild form of amphetamine used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a condition that occurs primarily in children and is characterized by hyperactivity, inability to concentrate for long periods of time, and impulsivity. So, if you stop Ritalin Tablets. Your provider can explain how these different treatments work with the medication. 3 ng/mL at 10. Jan 22, 2024 · blurred vision or other changes in vision. Methylphenidate works in the treatment of ADHD Mar 23, 2018 · Typical dosage: 17. Ritalin (20 mg/kg) was gavaged twice a day for eleven consecutive days in treatment Sep 18, 2019 · A 1957 report described Ritalin as being “less potent than amphetamine, but more so than caffeine”. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or May 19, 2023 · Concerta and Ritalin can be abused. It belongs to the group of medicines called central nervous system (CNS) stimulants. Methylphenidate hydrochloride, the active ingredient in Ritalin LA® (methylphenidate hydrochloride) extended-release capsules, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. m. 2 out of 10 from a total of 1064 ratings on Drugs. Increase dosage gradually, in increments of 10 mg weekly. A doctor may increase the dose by 5 mg or 10 Cyproheptadine Interactions. High blood levels of the drug may increase the risk of side effects. 4 out of 10 from a total of 487 ratings on Drugs. Methylphenidate has an average rating of 7. Administer orally in divided doses 2 or 3 times daily, preferably 30 to 45 minutes before meals. Apr 17, 2024 · Ulcers on the fingers or toes. myelosuppression. 56% of reviewers Apr 19, 2024 · stimulant. seizures. May 14, 2024 · Ritalin is a methylphenidate, which is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. But it also comes in an extended-release formula. Do not use R ITALIN for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Aug 24, 2023 · Some brands of methylphenidate extended-release tablet can only be used to treat attention deficit disorder in adults under 65 years old and children at least 6 years old. Patients who are unable to sleep if medication is taken late in the day should take the last dose before 6 p. Methylphenidate disease interactions. a break-line on the tablet to help you cut it. Ritalin LA may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Adults: Average dosage is 20 to 30 mg daily. Propranolol is only part of a complete program of treatment that also includes diet, exercise, and weight control. Pediatric Patients 6 Years and Older: Start with 5 mg twice daily (before breakfast and lunch), titrating the dose weekly in 5- to 10-mg increments. 11 This shift may be due to adverse side The recommended starting dose for Ritalin LA is 20 mg once daily. According to the manufacturer’s leaflet, children aged 6 years and older can start on a dose of 5 mg, twice daily, of immediate-release Ritalin. . Ritalin LA dosage may be adjusted at weekly intervals in 10 mg increments for children and in 20 mg increments for adults. digestive issues, including diarrhea, nausea, or stomachache DESCRIPTION. People who are being treated for narcolepsy take 5-60 mg of Adderall a Jan 20, 2012 · Ritalin hydrochloride, methylphenidate hydrochloride USP, is a mild central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, available as tablets of 5, 10, and 20 mg for oral administration; Ritalin-SR is Pharmacodynamics - Ritalin is a mild central nervous system stimulant. Much like Adderall, Ritalin can give students an edge when taking exams or writing papers. If you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding; If you drink alcohol or use drugs starting dose. acute alcohol intoxication. retinopathy. 2, 10): • Before prescribing Ritalin, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. You can sign up or learn more by calling 866-961-2388. Ritalin LA 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg capsules provide in a single dose the same amount of methylphenidate as dosages of 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg of Ritalin® tablets given b. 56% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 18% reported a negative effect. 7 Nearly 75% of college students that use PS report using Adderall, with 17% using Ritalin, and others using undisclosed stimulants. Many common side effects of Ritalin can be addressed by adjusting the dosage or taking a break Mar 23, 2018 · Iron and green tea. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including Ritalin, can result in overdose and death (5. 4 ng/mL at 1. thyroid cancer. Swallow the mixture straight away, without chewing. Feb 14, 2024 · Official answer. RITALIN LA may help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in patients with ADHD. Brand names of methylphenidate include Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Metadate CD, Methylin, Methylin ER, Daytrana, Quillivant XR, Quillichew ER, Aptensio XR, Cotempla XR-ODT, Jornay PM, and Adhansia XR. [See USP controlled room temperature] Protect from light. Periodically reevaluate the long-term use of Ritalin and Ritalin-SR, and adjust dosage as needed. In addition, with certain long-acting forms of methylphenidate, alcohol can cause too much of the drug to be released at one time. May 7, 2024 · Ritalin is a stimulant drug that’s been used to treat ADHD since the 1960s. uncontrolled vocal outbursts or tics (uncontrolled and repeated body movements) unusual bleeding or bruising. 9 hours; C max2, 25. Ritalin has a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Aug 22, 2023 · Propranolol and trazodone are each known to lower blood pressure and heart rate, so taking them together can amplify that effect and increase the risk of low blood pressure (hypotension). There are 557 drugs known to interact with propranolol, along with 20 disease interactions, and 4 alcohol/food interactions. Dispense in tight, light-resistant container (USP). by Drugs. d. Contact your doctor if your condition changes. There are 14 disease interactions with Concerta (methylphenidate) which include: agitation. There was no manipulation in control group. Students also take the pill because of the buzz it renders. In some countries, methylphenidate is the first option to treat adults Feb 26, 2020 · How Ritalin Makes You Feel. Methamphetamine has an average rating of 9. Concerta disease interactions. Both medications come in two forms Side Effects. renal dysfunction. If Nov 9, 2023 · Ritalin can cause side effects that range from mild to serious. Ritalin is a brand name for methylphenidate, and Vyvanse is the brand name for lisdexamfetamine. DHE (Migranal®) breaks down through the same liver enzyme as almotriptan (Axert®), eletriptan (Relpax®), Ubrogepant (Ubrelvy®) and Rimegepant (Nurtec® ODT). Washington—Advanced imaging research has answered a 40-year-old question about methylphenidate (Ritalin), which is taken daily by 4 million to 6 million children in the United States: how does it work? The answer may unsettle many parents, because the drug acts much like cocaine, albeit cocaine Research studies have determined a few unwanted effects of Ritalin, both immediate and long-term. 13 This is a shift from before 2006, when Ritalin was the most used PS. It’s OK to drink green tea beverages—such as matcha —just don’t do it with your iron supplements, Dr. Even if you take the drugs as prescribed, they can cause dependence. May 1, 2024 · Methylphenidate is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). breast cancer. Information for patients and their caregivers including clinical trial recruiting, managed access programs, funding opportunities for patient organizations and side effects reporting. Jun 15, 2017 · Consequently, little can be concluded about the risk of gastrointestinal adverse events and decreased weight in methylphenidate treatment longer than these time spans. Applies to: propranolol and Ritalin-SR (methylphenidate) Methylphenidate may cause an increase in blood pressure and may diminish the effects of propranolol on blood pressure. Daily dosage above 60 mg is not recommended. Although MPH is thought to modulate catecholamine neurotransmission in the brain, it remains unclear how these neurochemical effects influence neuronal activity and lead to attentional enhancements. My psychiatrist is not a very helpful The main types are: Drug-drug interaction. For example, if you are taking Medikinet or Ritalin tablets, you can crush them and mix it with a small amount of soft food such as yogurt, honey or jam. Although ADHD medications such as Ritalin and Adderall won’t make a person smarter, there is a significant amount of evidence showing Using propranolol together with multivitamin with minerals may decrease the effects of propranolol. 3 mg each week until a suitable dosage is determined. Taking more than one migraine drug metabolized by the same liver enzyme creates interactions of one or both medications Dec 1, 2014 · The C max values associated with each successive dose of Ritalin were progressively higher (C max1, 16. GI adverse events. 23. Ozempic disease interactions. Narcolepsy is an uncontrollable desire for sleep or a sudden attack of deep sleep. Follow your diet, medication, and exercise routines very closely. PRO reduces the physiological effects of anxiety, such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, and skin conductance, through blocking peripheral and The word methylphenidate is a portmanteau of the chemical name, Methyl -2- phen yl-2- (p i peri d in-2-yl) acet ate . Ritalin has an average rating of 7. a tablet) once or twice each day. 20 mg tablets (NDC 0078-0441-05) round, pale yellow, scored, (imprinted CIBA 34) supplied in bottles of 100 Store at 25°C (77°F), excursions permitted 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). 1 vs. Before prescribing medicine, the health care team will ask if you are taking any other medicines. Apr 17, 2023 · Side effects. 2, 10 ). Non-stimulants can take up to a few weeks to start working. Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed drug for ADHD worldwide. One packet of 30 Ritalin 10 mg capsules costs A$38. i. hypertension. The user acknowledges and agrees that this Site and its ADHD medication calculator/converter will be used only as a reference aid, and that the information contained in the product is not intended to be (nor should it be used as) a substitute for the exercise of professional judgment. liver disease. Half Life The half-life of a drug is the time taken for the plasma concentration of a drug to reduce to half its original value. There are 251 drugs known to interact with Wegovy (semaglutide), along with 6 disease interactions, and 2 alcohol/food interactions. Ritalin LA® uses the proprietary SODAS® (Spheroidal Oral Drug Absorption System) technology. 0 out of 10 from a total of 220 ratings on Drugs. 1 hours. A 1999 study found that low Adderall doses were more potent than the same dose of Ritalin. Adderall (amphetamine / dextroamphetamine) ashwaganda. Agitation/irritability. You may hear about the drug in your classroom or study group. Some brands of Ritalin LA are also used in the treatment of a sleep disorder called narcolepsy. Separate the administration times of propranolol and multivitamin with minerals by at least 2 hours. It's known by a number of brand names, including Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Daytrana, and Quillivant. Ritalin comes in tablets and capsules and is mostly prescribed to children and adults for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or narcolepsy. This means your body would need both substances to function normally. Our review also has a number of strengths: first of all, it was conducted as a Cochrane review following the instructions from the Cochrane Handbook [ 24 ] and the PRISMA Jun 23, 2022 · Rationale & objectives. anticholinergic effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Ritalin LA® (methylphenidate hydrochloride) extended-release capsules is an extended-release formulation of methylphenidate with a bi-modal release profile. If taken in high doses, the drug’s effects can be similar to those of some narcotics. Side Effects. Each bead-filled Ritalin LA capsule contains half the dose as immediate-release beads and Adhansia XR, Aptensio XR, Concerta, Cotempla XR-ODT, Daytrana, Jornay PM, Metadate CD, Methylin, Methylin ER, QuilliChew ER, Quillivant XR, Relexxii, Ritalin, Ritalin LA View more: N/A. Ritalin, a trade name for the pre-scription drug methylphenidate, is a central nervous system stimulant. Methylphenidate is thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and Continued use can result in tolerance to the drug, necessitating an increase in dosage to reap the same effects. Ritalin in low doses lowers the heart rate and raises blood pressure. Before prescribing Ritalin LA, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. Moderate. Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant used for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Apr 10, 2024 · Approval date: March 15, 2012. 0 out of 10 from a total of 219 ratings on Drugs. hypoglycemia. If you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding; If you drink alcohol or use drugs Aug 31, 2023 · Official answer. Avoid drinking alcohol, which could increase drowsiness and dizziness while you are taking propranolol. Ritalin is the brand name for a stimulant called methylphenidate. There are 14 disease interactions with methylphenidate which include: agitation. Swallow the extended-release capsule or tablet whole and do not crush, chew, or break it. Ritalin is a methylphenidate-based drug. If you use alcohol and Ritalin together, you could develop physical dependence on both substances. head injury. Wellbutrin has an average rating of 6. Ritalin is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) and Narcolepsy (1). 4 hours), such that the average of the three Ritalin C max values was higher than the averages associated with MPH-MLR capsule and sprinkles (29. Methylphenidate is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Inderal is a beta blocker that diminishes the effects of epinephrine on B2 receptors in lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, uterus, vascular smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle while Ritalin increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Methotrexate disease interactions. You can ask your pharmacist or doctor for information about RITALIN that is written for healthcare professionals. There are 330 drugs known to interact with cyproheptadine, along with 4 disease interactions, and 1 alcohol/food interaction. ADHDMedCalc. Mar 4, 2019 · Methylphenidate (MPH), commonly known as Ritalin, is the most widely prescribed drug worldwide to treat patients with attention deficit disorders. 8 hours; C max3, 27. 4 hours. N/A. There are 16 disease interactions with Thorazine (chlorpromazine) which include: dementia. Find everything you need to know about Ritalin (Methylphenidate (Oral)), including what it is used for, warnings, reviews, side effects, and interactions. Ritalin contains methylphenidate whereas Adderall contains a mixture of amphetamine salts (MAS). Decreased libido. 0. If necessary, the dose can be increased by 5 or 10 mg each week up to a maximum of 60 mg (6 tablets) each day. May 9, 2010 · Can anyone tell me if it is safe to mix the two. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. 88% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 7% reported a negative effect. Of the total drug interactions, 2 are major, 248 are moderate, and 1 is minor. 3 mg taken once per day in the morning. Mar 4, 2016 · A study published last fall in BMJ can help parents and professionals with answers to these questions in terms of the drug methylphenidate, in particular. psychiatric disorders. Other non-medication treatment you are receiving (such as psychotherapy (i. Ritalin (methylphenidate) is a prescription drug used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. of Ritalin tablets when the 8-hour dosage of Ritalin-SR corresponds to the titrated 8-hour dosage of Ritalin. Do not give RITALIN to other people, even if they have the same Jun 19, 2023 · For people with ADHD, these drugs yield a different outcome. 1, 9. Administer Ritalin LA orally once daily in the morning. Ritalin hydrochloride, methylphenidate hydrochloride USP, is a mild central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, available as tablets of 5, 10, and 20 mg for oral administration; Ritalin-SR is available as sustained-release tablets of 20 mg for oral administration. Methylphenidate hydrochloride is methyl α-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate These medicines include atomoxetine (Strattera), clonidine (Kapvay), guanfacine (Intuniv), and viloxazine (Quelbree). The risk of dependence is greater in people with a history of substance abuse. The more common side effects for both drugs include: loss of appetite. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including Ritalin LA, can result in overdose and death ( 5. tics. com. Cooperman says; spread the Ritalin has a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. These medications may be counterfeit and potentially unsafe. 7. ±3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybin are currently moving through the US Food and Drug Administration’s phased drug development process for psychiatric treatment indications: posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, respectively. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-. 8 out of 10 from a total of 745 ratings on Drugs. Ritalin tablet 10 mg. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you have Patients and caregivers. Methylphenidate hydrochloride is methyl α-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate If you have problems swallowing pills, some brands of standard tablets can be crushed and added to food. 2016), with minimal effects on cognition (for review, see Fogari and Zoppi 2004). The usual starting dose is 5 mg (half. Ritalin is used in adults and certain children to treat: narcolepsy Jul 20, 2023 · Adderall is the brand name for a mix of two stimulants called amphetamine-dextroamphetamine. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or Jan 11, 2023 · You may take methylphenidate with or without food, but take it the same way each time. 61% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 17% reported a negative effect. These changes have not been Wegovy Interactions. Major. The mode of therapeutic action in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is not known. Uses for Ritalin LA. There are 6 disease interactions with Ozempic (semaglutide) which include: suicidal behavior and ideation. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or Oct 13, 2023 · Daily dosage above 60 mg is not recommended. Strength (s): 5MG [ AB], 10MG [ AB], 20MG [ AB] Note: Fraudulent online pharmacies may attempt to sell an illegal generic version of Ritalin. Minor. You need iron to help distribute oxygen to cells—it’s vital for your energy. Like all stimulants, it works by improving the way parts of the brain communicate. Both drugs are CNS stimulants and both are believed to have a similar mechanism of action; however, some trials indicate that Vyvanse may be more effective at relieving ADHD symptoms than Ritalin. 6 mg to 17. I. But if you mix it with green tea, black tea, or curcumin supplements, your body won’t absorb the mineral. 20 for health care card Oct 3, 2016 · Ritalin + 12 WL group received Ritalin and were sacrificed after twelve weeks. 5 ng/mL at 5. Ritalin can interact with alcohol, other medications Propranolol hydrochloride (PRO) is used as an anxiolytic medication (see review, Steenen et al. Vyvanse and Ritalin can have similar side effects. muscle cramps. Vehicle group received normal saline (0. When a lower initial dose is appropriate, patients may begin treatment with 10 mg. For example, taking a cough medicine ( antitussive) and a drug to help you sleep (sedative Mar 11, 2024 · Ritalin Interactions: Alcohol, Medications, and Others. Once discontinued, withdrawal effects such as depression may occur. Methylphenidates have effects and pharmacological uses similar to amphetamines and cocaine. Unknown. If your doctor does prescribe these medications together, you may need a dose adjustment or More about Ritalin ( methylphenidate ) Ratings & Reviews. Tablets: The average daily dose is 20 to 30 mg, given in 2 to 3 divided doses. Yet a new study from a team led in part by Brown University researchers shows that these medications — usually prescribed to individuals diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but often used by otherwise healthy people as a “study Using propranolol together with multivitamin with minerals may decrease the effects of propranolol. In advertising, Ciba also emphasised that Ritalin was a “mild” antidepressant, not as May 31, 2019 · ADHD. If you cannot swallow an extended-release capsule whole, open it and mix the medicine with soft food such as applesauce, pudding or yogurt. Jun 30, 2023 · This registry helps collect information on the safety of certain drugs, including Ritalin, during pregnancy. If your doctor does prescribe these medications together, you may need a dose adjustment or special test to safely use both medications. The name "Ritalin" derives from Marguerite "Rita" Panizzon, the wife of Leandro Panizzon, who first synthesized the drug in 1944. Learn more about Ritalin (Methylphenidate Thorazine disease interactions. It’s a short-acting medication. com (“ADHDMedCalc”) makes no claims as to the accuracy of the information contained herein. Blurry vision. 66 hours Ritalin (methylphenidate) is a central nervous system stimulant that causes an increase in mental alertness by increasing the amount and effectiveness of a neurotransmitter in the body called It is used for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 59% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 23% reported a negative effect. If you have Propranolol Interactions. Then, they work for 24 hours. The impact of age from 4 to 65 years old and older on median levels of RA was investigated as well as potential variations in pH, specific gravity and creatinine content of Most frequently checked interactions. glaucoma. Methylphenidate is also used to treat narcolepsy. , Ritalin®). Mood swings. Adderall has an average rating of 7. Nov 5, 2023 · Ritalin LA has a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Rita was the first person to take methylphenidate, and described its effects to her husband. Dosage increases: Your doctor may increase your child’s dosage by 8. Jun 17, 2021 · Ergot Alkaloids and Other Drugs Broken Down by the Liver. Although Ritalin and Adderall contain different ingredients, they are both classified as CNS stimulants and are thought to work in a similar way in ADHD - by increasing the concentration of two neurotransmitters (dopamine and norepinephrine) in the Oct 13, 2023 · Ritalin has a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. 65% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 17% reported a negative effect. 5 ml) instead of Ritalin. CNS depression. This may increase nervous system side effects such as drowsiness, anxiety, depression, and seizures. Nov 17, 2016 · Methylphenidate is subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). scaling, severe redness, soreness, or swelling of the skin. fb zw pd pq jc aw lw ge pv mo